Skip to main content
Log in

Breast cancer stage at diagnosis: Caucasians versus Afro-Americans

  • Report
  • Published:
Breast Cancer Research and Treatment Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Summary

In the Department of Defense health care system, all women have the same ability to access health care. Thus, there should be no racial differences in stage at diagnosis solely based on ability to seek health care. A retrospective review of breast cancer cases from 1976–1992 was conducted to determine if there were any differences in stage at diagnosis between Caucasian and Afro-American females. Data was available for 6414 Caucasian and 746 Afro-American females. Stage at diagnosis was similar for both groups. However, Afro-Americans had fewer tumors ≤ 1.0 cm than Caucasians. Afro-American females were younger (median age 50 years versus 58 years in Caucasians). Twenty-four per cent of Afro-Americans were < 40 years old compared to only 9% Caucasians. When access to care is not an issue, there are no racial differences in stage of breast cancer at diagnosis.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

References

  1. Nemoto T, Vana J, Bedwani RN, Baker HW, McGregor FH, Murphy GP: Management and survival of female breast cancer. Cancer 45: 2917–2924, 1990

    Google Scholar 

  2. Richardson JL, Langholz B, Bernstein L, Burciaga C, Danley K, Ross RK: Stage and delay in breast cancer diagnosis by race, socioeconomic status, age and year. Br J Can 65: 922–926, 1992

    Google Scholar 

  3. Polendak AP: Breast cancer in black and white women in New York state. Cancer 58: 807–815, 1986

    Google Scholar 

  4. Wells BL, Horm JW: Stage at diagnosis in breast cancer: race and socioeconomic factors. Am J Public Health 82: 1383–1385, 1992

    Google Scholar 

  5. Coates RJ, Bransfield DD, Wesley M, Hankey B, Eley JW, Greenburg RS, Flanders D, Hunter CP, Edwards BK, Forman M, Chen VW, Reynolds P, Boyd P, Austin D, Muss H, Blacklow RS: Differences between black and white women with breast cancer in time from symptom recognition to medical consultation. J Natl Cancer Inst 84: 938–950, 1992

    Google Scholar 

  6. Bain RP, Greenberg RS, Whitaker JP: Racial differences in survival of women with breast cancer. J Chron Dis 39: 631–642, 1986

    Google Scholar 

  7. Young JL, Ries LG, Pollock ES: Cancer patient survival among ethnic groups in the United States. JNCI 73: 341–352, 1984

    Google Scholar 

  8. Hunter CP, Redmond CK, Chen VW, Austin DF, Greenberg RS, Correa P, Muss HB, Forman MR, Wesley M, Blacklow RS, Kurman RJ, Digman JJ, Edwards BK, Shapiro S: Breast cancer: factors associated with stage at diagnosis in black and white women. J Natl Cancer Inst 85: 1129–1137, 1993

    Google Scholar 

  9. Dayal HH, Power RN, Chiu C: Race and socioeconomic status in survival from breast cancer. J Chron Dis 35: 675–683, 1982

    Google Scholar 

  10. Ownby HE, Frederick J, Russo J, Brooks SC, Swanson GM, Heppner GH, Brennan MJ: Racial differences in breast cancer patients. JNCI 75: 55–60, 1985

    Google Scholar 

  11. Ansell D, Whitman S, Lipton R, Cooper R: Race, income, and survival from breast cancer at two public hospitals. Cancer 72: 2974–2978, 1993

    Google Scholar 

  12. Ayanian JZ, Kohler BA, Abe T, Epstein AM: The relation between health insurance coverage and clinical outcomes among women with breast cancer. N Eng J Med 329: 326–331, 1993

    Google Scholar 

  13. Glantz SA: Primer of Biostatistics 3/e, Version 3.0 Software. McGraw-Hill, Incorporated, New York, 1992

    Google Scholar 

  14. Hoff M, Simon M: Racial differences in survival of women with invasive breast cancer in the Detroit metropolitan area (1973–1991). Abstract. Breast Cancer Research and Treatment 27: 178, 1993

    Google Scholar 

  15. Polendak AP: Cancer mortality in a higher-income black population in New York state. Cancer 66: 1654–1660, 1990

    Google Scholar 

  16. Cella DF, Orav EJ, Kornblith AB, Holland JC, Silberfarb PM, Lee KW, Comis RL, Perry M, Cooper R, Maurer LH, Hoth DF, Perloff M, Bloomfield CD, McIntyre OR, Leone L, Lesnick G, Nissen N, Glicksman A, Henderson E, Barcos M, Crichlow R, Faulkner CS, Eaton W, North W, Schein PS, Chu F, King G, Chahinian AP: Socioeconomic status and cancer survival. J Clin Oncol 9: 1500–1509, 1991

    Google Scholar 

  17. Krieger N: Social class and the black/white crossover in the age-specific incidence of breast cancer: a study linking census-derived data to population-based registry records. Am J Epidem 131: 804–814, 1990

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Zaloznik, A.J. Breast cancer stage at diagnosis: Caucasians versus Afro-Americans. Breast Cancer Res Tr 34, 195–198 (1995). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00689710

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00689710

Key words

Navigation