Abstract
We present a method of temperature measurement based on a liquid3He vapor pressure thermometer with a resolution of one part in 109 of the absolute temperature over the range from 1.6 to 2.2 K. The thermometer, as well as apparatus suitable for the assessment of the resolution and stability of the device, are described in detail. A method for the determination of a fixed point on the temperature scale with a resolution of 2×10−9 is presented. Two different procedures for monitoring the long-term stability of the thermometer are discussed. The present resolution and stability of the thermometer are an improvement by two orders of magnitude over conventional germanium resistance thermometry. Although this performance level is adequate for presently planned phase transition experiments using liquid4He, future improvements by yet another order of magnitude seem feasible and will bring the device within an order of magnitude of the thermal noise limit.
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Research supported by NSF Grant DMR 79-23289.
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Steinberg, V., Ahlers, G. Nanokelvin thermometry at temperatures near 2 K. J Low Temp Phys 53, 255–283 (1983). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00685782
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00685782