Abstract
A computer program for reconstructing environmental variables (e.g. lake-water pH) from fossil assemblages (e.g. diatoms) by weighted averaging regression and calibration is described. The estimation of sample-specific errors of prediction by bootstrapping is outlined. The program runs on IBM-compatible personal computers.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Agbeti, M. D., 1992. Relationship between diatom assemblages and trophic variables: a comparison of old and new approaches. Can. J. Fish. aquat. Sci. 49: 1171–1175.
Anderson, N. J., B. Rippey & C. E. Gibson, 1993 A comparison of sedimentary and diatom-inferred phosphorus profiles: implications for defining pre-disturbance nutrient conditions, Hydrobiologia 253: 357–366
Battarbee, R. W., J. Mason, I. Renberg & J. F. Talling, 1990. Paleolimnology and lake acidification. The Royal Society, London.
Birks, H. J. B., J. M. Line, S. Juggins, A. C. Stevenson & C. J. F. ter Braak, 1990a. Diatoms and pH reconstruction. Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. Lond. B, 327: 263–278.
Birks, H. J. B., S. Juggins & J. M. Line, 1990b. Lake surface-water chemistry reconstructions from palaeolimnological data. In The Surface Waters Acidification Programme (ed. B. J. Mason), pp. 301–313. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Charles, D. F. & J. P. Smol, 1990. The PIRLA II Project: Regional assessment of lake acidification trends. Verh. Int. Ver. Limnol. 24: 474–480.
Cumming, B. F. & J. P. Smol, 1993a. Development of diatom-based salinity models for paleoclimatic research from lakes in British Columbia (Canada). Hydrobiologia 269/270: 179–196.
Cumming, B. F. & J. P. Smol, 1993b. Scaled chrysophytes and pH-inference models: the effects of converting scale counts to cell counts and other species data transformations. J. Paleolimnol. 9: 147–153.
Cumming, B. F., J. P. Smol, J. C. Kingston, D. F. Charles, H. J. B. Birks, K. E. Camburn, S. S. Dixit, A. J. Uutala & A. R. Selle, 1992b. How much acidification has occurred in Adirondack region lakes (New York, USA) since preindustrial times? Can. J. Fish. aquat. Sci. 49: 128–141.
Dixit, S. S., B. F. Cumming, H. J. B. Birks, J. P. Smol, J. C. Kingston, A. J. Uutala, D. F. Charles & K. E. Camburn, 1993. Diatom assemblages from Adirondack lakes (New York, USA) and the development of inference models for retrospective environmental assessment. J. Paleolimnol. 8: 27–47.
Effon, B., 1982d. The jackknife, the bootstrap and other resampling plans. Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics NSF-CBMS Monograph 38: 1–92.
Fritz, S. C., S. Juggins, R. W. Battarbee & D. R. Engstrom, 1991. Reconstruction of past changes in salinity and climate using a diatom-based transfer function. Nature 352: 706–708.
Gaillard, M.-J., H. J. B. Birks, U. Emanuelsson & B. E. Berglund, 1992. Modern pollen/land-use relationships as an aid in the reconstruction of past land-uses and cultural landscapes: an example from south Sweden. Veget. Hist. Archaeobot. 1: 3–17.
Gallant, A. R., 1975. Nonlinear regression. Am. Statist. 29: 73–81.
Hall, R. I. & J. P. Smol, 1992. A weighted-averaging regression and calibration model for inferring total phosphorus concentration from diatoms in British Columbia (Canada) lakes. Freshwat. Biol. 27: 417–434.
Hill, M. O., 1973. Diversity and evenness: a unifying notation and its consequences. Ecology 54: 427–432.
Hill, M. O., 1979. DECORANA- a FORTRAN program for detrended correspondence analysis and reciprocal averaging. Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA.
Hill, M. O. & H. G. Gauch, 1980. Detrended correspondence analysis — an improved ordination technique. Vegetatio 42: 47–58.
Hjertholm, E., 1992. The autecology of four species ofSedum along a west-east climatic gradient, Sognefjorden, western Norway. Cand. Scient. thesis, University of Bergen, 83 pp.
Janssens, J. A., B. C. S. Hansen, P. H. Glaser & C. Whitlock, 1992. Development of a raised-bog complex. In The Patterned Peatlands of Minnesota (eds. H. E. Wright, B. A. Coffin & N. E. Aaseng), pp 189–221. University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis.
Jonsgard, B. & H. J. B. Birks, 1993. Quantitative studies on saxicolous bryophyte-environment relationships in western Norway, J. Bryology 17: 579–611.
Juggins, S., 1993. GLR — a program for Gaussian logit regression. Unpublished program.
Juggins, S. & C. J. F. ter Braak, 1993. CALIBRATE — a program for species-environment calibration by [weighted-averaging] partial least squares regression. Unpublished program.
Kingston, J. C. & H. J. B. Birks, 1990. Dissolved organic carbon reconstructions from diatom assemblages in PIRLA project lakes, North America. Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. Lond. B, 327: 279–288.
Kingston, J. C., H. J. B. Birks, A. J. Uutala, B. F. Cumming & J. P. Smol, 1992. Assessing trends in fishery resources and lake water aluminum from paleolimnological analyses of siliceous algae. Can. J. Fish. aquat. Sci. 49: 116–127.
Le, J., 1992. Palaeotemperature estimation methods: sensitivity test on two western equatorial Pacific cores. Quat. Sci. Rev. 11: 801–820.
Line, J. M. & H. J. B. Birks, 1990. WACALIB version 2.1 — a computer program to reconstruct environmental variables from fossil assemblages by weighted averaging. J. Paleolimnol. 3: 170–173.
Pienitz, R., J. P. Smol & H. J. B. Birks, 1994. Assessment of freshwater diatoms as quantitative indicators of past climatic change in the Yukon and Northwest Territories, Canada. Arctic and Alpine Research (submitted).
ter Braak, C. J. F., 1987. Unimodal models to relate species to environment. Doctoral thesis, University of Wageningen, 152 p.
ter Braak, C. J. F., 1990a. CANOCO — a FORTRAN program for canonical community ordination. Microcomputer Power, Ithaca, New York, USA.
ter Braak, C. J. F., 1990b. Update notes: CANOCO version 3.10. Agricultural Mathematics Group, Wageningen, 35 pp.
ter Braak, C. J. F. & S. Juggins, 1993. Weighted averaging partial least squares regression (WA-PLS): an improved method for reconstructing environmental variables from species assemblages. Hydrobiologia 269/270: 485–502.
ter Braak, C. J. F., S. Juggins, H. J. B. Birks & H. van der Voet, 1993. Weighted averaging partial least squares (WA-PLS): definition and comparison with other methods for species — environmental calibration. In Multivariate Environmental Statistics (eds. G. P. Patil & C. R. Rao), North Holland, Amsterdam: 525–560.
ter Braak, C. J. F. & I. C. Prentice, 1988. A theory of gradient analysis. Adv. Ecol. Res. 18: 271–317.
ter Braak, C. J. F. & H. van Dam, 1989. Inferring pH from diatoms: a comparison of old and new calibration methods. Hydrobiologia 178: 209–223.
Walker, I. R., R. J. Mott & J. P. Smol, 1991. Allerød-Younger Dryas lake temperatures from midge fossils in Atlantic Canada. Science 253: 1010–1012.
Wilson, S. E., I. R. Walker, R. J. Mott & J. P. Smol, 1993. Climatic and limnological changes associated with the Younger Dryas in Atlantic Canada. Climate Dynamics 8: 177–187.
van Tongeren, O. F. R., 1991. CEDIT program. Limnological Institute, Nieuwersluis, The Netherlands.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Line, J.M., ter Braak, C.J.F. & Birks, H.J.B. WACALIB version 3.3 — a computer program to reconstruct environmental variables from fossil assemblages by weighted averaging and to derive sample-specific errors of prediction. J Paleolimnol 10, 147–152 (1994). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00682511
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00682511