Abstract
The integrated approach to solving complicated geological, hydrological and environmental problems is now widely used in geophysics. Among all the geophysical methods, electrical and electromagnetic techniques are the most popular in groundwater exploration due to the close relationship between electrical conductivity and some hydrogeological properties of the aquifer (e.g. porosity, clay content, mineralization of the groundwater and degree of water saturation). Case histories presented here show that by proper combination of different techniques such as conventional direct current (DC) resistivity as well as the more advanced electromagnetic (EM) methods and the most recent nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) tomography, the reliability of interpretation as compared to that typical for the individual methods can be significantly improved.
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Goldman, M., Neubauer, F.M. Groundwater exploration using integrated geophysical techniques. Surv Geophys 15, 331–361 (1994). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00665814
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00665814