Skip to main content
Log in

Application of the Lee-Wheaton conductance equation to the problems of the ionization of bisulfate ion and of HF in water

  • Published:
Journal of Solution Chemistry Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The applicability of the Lee-Wheaton conductance equation to the problem of accounting for the variation of the conductivity of moderately complex electrolyte solutions containing more than two kinds of ionic species and involving one or more ion-association equilibria is demonstrated using the chemically interesting examples of sulfuric acid, sodium bisulfate, and hydrofluoric acid, as well as naphthalene trisulfonic acid, sodium naphthalene trisulfonate, and lanthanum naphthalene trisulfonate. The question of retention of the C7 and V2 terms in the Lee-Wheaton equation is discussed.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. A. A. Noyes and G. W. Eastman,The Electrical Conductivity of Aqueous Solutions, Publication No. 63, (Carnegie Institution, Washington DC, 1907).

    Google Scholar 

  2. A. A. Noyes and M. A. Stewart,J. Am. Chem. Soc. 32, 1133 (1910).

    Google Scholar 

  3. For a critical review of the available data see W. J. Hamer and H. J. DeWane,Nat. Stand. Ref. Data Ser., Nat. Bur. Stand. (U.S.), No. 33, 1970.

  4. For sulfuric acid, see H. S. Dunsmore and G. H. Nancollas,J. Phys. Chem. 68, 1579 (1964).

    Google Scholar 

  5. For hydrofluoric acid, see G. T. Hefter,J. Solution Chem. 13, 457 (1984).

    Google Scholar 

  6. W. H. Lee and R. H. Wheaton,J. Chem. Soc., Faraday II 74, 743 (1978);

    Google Scholar 

  7. 74, 1456 (1978);

    Google Scholar 

  8. 75, 1128 (1975).

    Google Scholar 

  9. L. Onsager and S. K. Kim,J. Phys. Chem. 61, 215 (1957).

    Google Scholar 

  10. A. D. Pethybridge,Z. Phys. Chem. (Wiesbaden),133, 143 (1982).

    Google Scholar 

  11. A. D. Pethybridge and S. S. Taba,J. Chem. Soc., Faraday I 78, 1331 (1982).

    Google Scholar 

  12. G. Atkinson, M. Yokoi, and C. J. Hallada,J. Am. Chem. Soc. 83, 1570 (1961).

    Google Scholar 

  13. K. L. Kendrick and W. R. Gilkerson,J. Solution Chem. 15, 253 (1986).

    Google Scholar 

  14. A more general approach is that of Pethybridge, Ref. 8, based on an iterative routine due to Wheaton.

  15. A. D. Pethybridge and S. S. Taba,J. Chem. Soc. Faraday I 76, 368 (1980).

    Google Scholar 

  16. T. Shedlovsky,J. Am. Chem. Soc. 54, 1411 (1932).

    Google Scholar 

  17. C. G. Swain and D. F. Evans,J. Am. Chem. Soc. 88, 383 (1966).

    Google Scholar 

  18. H. S. Harned and B. B. Owen,The Physical Chemistry of Electrolytic Solutions, 3rd edn., (Reinhold, New York, 1958), p. 233.

    Google Scholar 

  19. Reported in Ref. 2.

  20. Taken to be beyond the application range of the Lee-Wheaton equations.

  21. M. Kerker,J. Am. Chem. Soc. 79, 3664 (1957).

    Google Scholar 

  22. T. F. Young, C. R. Singleterry, and I. M. Klotz,J. Phys. Chem. 82, 671 (1978).

    Google Scholar 

  23. E. Deussen,Z. Anorg. Chem. 44, 312 (1905).

    Google Scholar 

  24. K. Kredenhagen and M. Wellmann,Z. Phys. Chem. A162, 454 (1932).

    Google Scholar 

  25. A. J. Ellis,J. Chem. Soc. 4300 (1963).

  26. H. H. Broene and T. De Vries,J. Am. Chem. Soc. 69, 1644 (1947).

    Google Scholar 

  27. R. L. Kay and D. F. Evans,J. Phys. Chem. 70, 2325 (1966);

    Google Scholar 

  28. A. D. Pethybridge and S. S. Taba,Faraday Discuss. Chem. Soc. 64, 274 (1977).

    Google Scholar 

  29. W. L. Marshall and E. V. Jones,J. Phys. Chem. 70, 4028 (1966).

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Gilkerson, W.R. Application of the Lee-Wheaton conductance equation to the problems of the ionization of bisulfate ion and of HF in water. J Solution Chem 15, 551–562 (1986). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00645810

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00645810

Key words

Navigation