Abstract
The applicability of the Lee-Wheaton conductance equation to the problem of accounting for the variation of the conductivity of moderately complex electrolyte solutions containing more than two kinds of ionic species and involving one or more ion-association equilibria is demonstrated using the chemically interesting examples of sulfuric acid, sodium bisulfate, and hydrofluoric acid, as well as naphthalene trisulfonic acid, sodium naphthalene trisulfonate, and lanthanum naphthalene trisulfonate. The question of retention of the C7 and V2 terms in the Lee-Wheaton equation is discussed.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
A. A. Noyes and G. W. Eastman,The Electrical Conductivity of Aqueous Solutions, Publication No. 63, (Carnegie Institution, Washington DC, 1907).
A. A. Noyes and M. A. Stewart,J. Am. Chem. Soc. 32, 1133 (1910).
For a critical review of the available data see W. J. Hamer and H. J. DeWane,Nat. Stand. Ref. Data Ser., Nat. Bur. Stand. (U.S.), No. 33, 1970.
For sulfuric acid, see H. S. Dunsmore and G. H. Nancollas,J. Phys. Chem. 68, 1579 (1964).
For hydrofluoric acid, see G. T. Hefter,J. Solution Chem. 13, 457 (1984).
W. H. Lee and R. H. Wheaton,J. Chem. Soc., Faraday II 74, 743 (1978);
74, 1456 (1978);
75, 1128 (1975).
L. Onsager and S. K. Kim,J. Phys. Chem. 61, 215 (1957).
A. D. Pethybridge,Z. Phys. Chem. (Wiesbaden),133, 143 (1982).
A. D. Pethybridge and S. S. Taba,J. Chem. Soc., Faraday I 78, 1331 (1982).
G. Atkinson, M. Yokoi, and C. J. Hallada,J. Am. Chem. Soc. 83, 1570 (1961).
K. L. Kendrick and W. R. Gilkerson,J. Solution Chem. 15, 253 (1986).
A more general approach is that of Pethybridge, Ref. 8, based on an iterative routine due to Wheaton.
A. D. Pethybridge and S. S. Taba,J. Chem. Soc. Faraday I 76, 368 (1980).
T. Shedlovsky,J. Am. Chem. Soc. 54, 1411 (1932).
C. G. Swain and D. F. Evans,J. Am. Chem. Soc. 88, 383 (1966).
H. S. Harned and B. B. Owen,The Physical Chemistry of Electrolytic Solutions, 3rd edn., (Reinhold, New York, 1958), p. 233.
Reported in Ref. 2.
Taken to be beyond the application range of the Lee-Wheaton equations.
M. Kerker,J. Am. Chem. Soc. 79, 3664 (1957).
T. F. Young, C. R. Singleterry, and I. M. Klotz,J. Phys. Chem. 82, 671 (1978).
E. Deussen,Z. Anorg. Chem. 44, 312 (1905).
K. Kredenhagen and M. Wellmann,Z. Phys. Chem. A162, 454 (1932).
A. J. Ellis,J. Chem. Soc. 4300 (1963).
H. H. Broene and T. De Vries,J. Am. Chem. Soc. 69, 1644 (1947).
R. L. Kay and D. F. Evans,J. Phys. Chem. 70, 2325 (1966);
A. D. Pethybridge and S. S. Taba,Faraday Discuss. Chem. Soc. 64, 274 (1977).
W. L. Marshall and E. V. Jones,J. Phys. Chem. 70, 4028 (1966).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Gilkerson, W.R. Application of the Lee-Wheaton conductance equation to the problems of the ionization of bisulfate ion and of HF in water. J Solution Chem 15, 551–562 (1986). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00645810
Received:
Revised:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00645810