Abstract
The structure and some functional characteristics of the plankton community at the time of aExuviaella cordata red tide were investigated in Burgas Bay, Bulgaria, in May and June 1986. Characteristics of main plankton components (phyto-, bacterio-, nanoheterotrophic plankton, ciliates and mesoplankton) in the bloom area are presented. Development of theE. cordata bloom was determined by abiotic conditions among which eutrophication and salinity decrease caused the patchy character of its rapid development. Attainment of maximum red tide (ca. 1x109 cells l-1; 1x103 g m-3) from background (500 to 800x103 cells l-1; 600 mg m-3) took 3 to 7d. Growth rate (μ) during that period was 1.2 to 2.2 doublings per day. A sharp bloom decline (3 to 4d) was caused by parasitic flagellates destroying the alga's chloroplast. Diel biomass losses due to grazing remained below 5%. Metabolites and degradation products ofE. cordata revealed no pronounced toxic effects on the other components of the planktonic community. The rapid bloom degradation due to the effects of parasitic flagellates indicates the high potential of ecosystem “self-regulation”.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
Literature cited
Bodeanu, N. (1984). Modifications sous l'influence antropique dans le development quantitatif et dans la structure du phytoplancton du secteur Roumain de la mer noire/Extrait des Trav. Mus. Hist. nat. “Grigore Antipa” 26: 69–83
Bodeanu, N., Usurelu, M. (1979). Dinoflagellate blooms in Rumanian Black Sea coastal waters. In: Taylor, M., Seliger, H. H. (eds.) Toxic dinoflagellate blooms. Elsevier North-Holland, New York, p. 151–154
Bodeanu, N., Usurelu, M. (1981). Particularites de la structure et de la repartition du phytoplancton de la zone sud du littoral roumain dans les conditions de predominance de la circulation atmospherique de nord. Cecretari marine I.R.C.M. Nr. 14: 129–144
Caron, D. (1983). Technique for enumeration of heterotrophic and phototrophic nanoplankton using epifluorescence microscopy and comparison with other procedures. Appl. environ. Microbiol. 46: 491–498
Correto, J., Benavides, H., Negri, R., Glorioso, P. (1986). Toxic red-tide Argentine sea. Phytoplankton distribution and survival of the toxic dinoflagellateGoniaulax excavata in a frontal area. J. Plankton Res. 8: 15–28
Davis, P., Sieburth, J. (1982). Differentiation of phototrophic and heterotrophic nanoplankton populations in marine waters by epifluorescence microscopy. Ann. Inst. Oceanogr. 58: 249–259
Hobbie, J., Daley, R., Jasper, J. (1977). Use of nucleopore filters for counting bacteria by fluorescence microscopy. Appl. environ. Microbiol. 33: 1225–1228
Ilyash, L. V. (1984). Interaction of three species of Black Sea dinoflagellates in the mixed culture. Masters thesis in biology, Moscow State University, Moscow (In Russian)
Kat, M. (1983).Dinophysis acuminata blooms in the Dutch coastal area related to diarrhetic mussel poisoning in the Dutch Waddensea. Sarsia 68: 81–84
Kopylov, A. I., Tumantseva, N. I. (1986). Analysis of the tintinnids digestive vacuoles contents and the evaluation of their role in the utilization of phytoplankton production in the Peruvian coastal region. Okeanologiya, Moscow, p. 464–469 (In Russian)
Mihnea, E., Cuingioglu, E. (1982). Particularities des phenomenes de “floraison”. Cecretari marine I.R.C.M. 15: 27–57
Mikaeljan, A. S., Vedernikov, V. I. (1983). Estimation of concentration of small flagellates in sample. In: Vinogradov, M. E. (ed.) Contemporary methods of quantitative estimation of distribution of marine plankton. Nauka, Moscow, p. 106–114 (In Russian)
Mironov, G. N. (1954). Feeding of planktonic carnivores. Feeding ofNoctiluca. Tr. Sevastop. biol. stan. Akad. Nauk Ukr. SSR. 8: 320–340 (In Russian)
Nesterova, D. A. (1979). Development ofExuviaella cordata and phenomenon of ”red tide” in the North-West Black Sea. Biol. morja 5: 24–29 (In Russian)
Nesterova, D. A. (1985). Mass development of peridineaExuviaella cordata Ostf. and diatomCerataulina bergonii Perag. in the West Black Sea. Hydrobiol. J., Kiev 21: 44–48 (In Russian)
Petipa, T. S. (1959). Feeding of the copepodAcartia clausi. Tr. Sevastop. biol. stan. Akad. Nauk Ukr. SSR 2: 72–100 (In Russian)
Petrova, V. (1968). Der Einfluß der Donau auf das Blühen des Phytoplanktons im Schwarzen Meer. Limnologische Berichte der X Jubilaumstagung Donauforschung p. 359–363
Petrova-Karajova, V. (1974). Phytoplankton dynamics in the Burgas Lake and Lake Mandra/Izv. nauchnoizsled. Inst. ribno stop. Okeanogr., Varna, 13: 35–49 (In Bulgarian)
Petrova-Karadjova, V. (1984). Changes in planktonic flora of the Bulgarian waters of the Black Sea under the influence of eutrophication. Izv. Inst. ribni resursi, Varna 21: 105–112 (In Bulgarian)
Petrova-Karadjova, V. (1985). Red-tide caused byProrocentrum micans Ehr. andExuviaella cordata Ostf. in Varna Bay and coastal waters in November 1984. Hydrobiologia, Varna 26: 70–74 (In Bulgarian)
Romanenko, V. I. (1970). Experimental investigations of bacterial production in water and consumption of bacteria by Daphnia. Microbiologia, Moscow, 39: 711–714 (In Russian)
Sazhin, A. F. (1987). Bacterioplankton in the open areas of the Black Sea. In: Vinogradov, M. E., Flint, M. V. (eds.) Contemporary condition of the Black Sea ecosystem. Nauka, Moscow, p. 96–102 (In Russian)
SCOR-UNESCO (1966). Report of SCOR-UNESCO working group 17 on determination of photosynthetic pigments. Determination of photosynthetic pigments in sea water. UNESCO Monogr. oceanogr. methodol. 1: 9–18
Scolka, H., Cautis, I. (1969). Florazon d'Exuviaella cordata Ostenf. et ses consequences sur la pêche maritime en Roumanie au cours de l'année 1969. Cercetari marine 1: 59–82
Sorokin, J. I. (1980). Camera for quantitative analysis of protists and nanoplankton in field conditions. Hydrobiological J. Kiev 16: 84–86
Sukhanova, I. N. (1983). Method of phytoplankton concentrating in sample. In: Vinogradov, M. E. (ed.) Contemporary methods of quantitative estimation of distribution of marine plankton. Nauka, Moscow, p. 97–105 (In Russian)
Tumantseva, N. I. (1985). “Red tide” in Black Sea. Okeanologiya, Moscow 25: 130–132 (In Russian)
Vinberg, G. G. (1960). Primary production of basins. Publ. house of the Byelorussia Akad. Nauk, Minsk (In Russian)
Vinogradov, M. E., Flint, M. V. (1985). Investigation of the Black Sea Pelagic ecosystem: sixth cruise of research vessel “Vityaz”. Okeanologiya, Moscow, 25: 168–171 (In Russian)
Watras, C., Garcon, V., Olson, R., Chisholm, D., Anderson, S. (1985). The effect of zooplankton grazing on estuarine blooms of the toxic dinoflagellataeGonyaulax tamarensis. J. Plankton Res. 7: 891–908
Wright, R., Hobbie, J. (1966). Use of glucose and acetate by bacteria and algae in aquatic ecosystems. Ecology 47: 447–464
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
Communicated by M. E. Vinogradov, Moscow
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Sukhanova, I.N., Flint, M.V., Hibaum, G. et al. Exuviaella cordata red tide in Bulgarian coastal waters (May to June 1986). Mar. Biol. 99, 1–8 (1988). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00644971
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00644971