Skip to main content
Log in

A new voltage clamp method for Ranvier nodes

  • Kurzmitteilungen und Methodisches
  • Published:
Pflügers Archiv Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Zusammenfassung

Eine voltage-clamp-Methode für die Membran Ranvierscher Schnürringe wird beschrieben, ihre Fehlermöglichkeiten werden erörtert. Sie benutzt folgendes Prinzip: das Potential im Axoplasma des Schnürrings wird durch Gegenkopplung konstant gehalten und das Potential der Außenlösung so eingestellt, daß das gewünschte Membranpotential entsteht. Potentialänderungen im Axoplasma des Schnürrings werden über eines der angrenzenden Internodien vom Eingang eines Gegenkopplungsverstärkers registriert und von seinem Ausgang über das andere Internodium unterdrückt. Eine geerdete Schutzelektrode entkoppelt die Elektrode in der Außenlösung des Schnürrings und die Eingangselektrode und erlaubt dadurch, das Membranpotential in voller Größe zu messen. Ein schmaler Luftspalt trennt die Schutz- und Eingangselektrode; die übrigen Elektroden sind durch Vaselinetrennwände voneinander isoliert.

Diese Methode wurde aus einer Methode vonDodge u.Frankenhaeuser (1958) entwickelt und bietet folgende Verbesserungen:

  1. 1.

    Bei einer Einschwingzeit von 0,01–0,02 msec für 12–15 μm dicke markhaltige Nervenfasern (Rana esculenta) wird eine etwa fünfmal größere Regelgeschwindigkeit erzielt.

  2. 2.

    Kein „attenuation artifact” wird beobachtet.

  3. 3.

    Die Drift des Membranpotentials wird verkleinert.

Diese Verbesserungen beruhen auf

  1. a)

    einer Gegenkopplungsschaltung, die nur einen Verstärker mit genau angepaßtem Frequenzgang enthält

  2. b)

    einen Luftspalt zwischen der Schutz- und Eingangselektrode.

Summary

A voltage clamp method for the membrane of Ranvier nodes is described and its error possibilities are discussed. The following principle is used: the potential in the axoplasm of the node is kept constant by negative feedback whereas the potential of the external fluid is adjusted to give the desired membrane potential. Potential changes in the nodal axoplasm are detected across one of the neighbouring internodes by the feedback amplifier input and are counteracted from its output across the other internode. A grounded guard electrode prevents couplings across the external solution between the potential applying electrode at the node and the amplifier input electrode and permits to record the full size of the membrane potential. A small air gap separates the guard and input electrode compartments; the other electrode compartments are isolated by vaseline seals.

This method represents a further development of a method ofDodge andFrankenhaeuser (1958), which yields the following improvements:

  1. 1.

    Giving a transient response of 0.01–0.02 msec in myelinated nerve fibres of 12–15 μm diameter (Rana esculenta) it allows clamping at about 5 times larger rate.

  2. 2.

    No attenuation artifact is observed.

  3. 3.

    Drift of membrane potential is reduced.

These improvements are due to

  1. a)

    using a feedback circuit containing one single feedback amplifier with exactly adapted frequency response

  2. b)

    using an air gap between the guard and the input electrode of the amplifier.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

References

  • Del Castillo, J., J. Y. Lettvin, W. S. McCulloch, andW. Pitts: Membrane currents in clamped vertebrate nerve. Nature (Lond.)180, 1290–1291 (1957).

    Google Scholar 

  • Dodge, F., andB. Frankenhaeuser: Membrane currents in isolated frog nerve fibre under voltage clamp conditions. J. Physiol. (Lond.)143, 76–90 (1958).

    Google Scholar 

  • Frankenhaeuser, B.: A method for recording resting and action potentials in the isolated myelinated frog nerve fibre. J. Physiol. (Lond.)135, 550–559 (1957).

    Google Scholar 

  • —: Quantitative description of sodium currents in myelinated nerve fibres of Xenopus laevis. J. Physiol. (Lond.)151, 491–501 (1960).

    Google Scholar 

  • —: A quantitative description of potassium currents in myelinated nerve fibres of Xenopus laevis. J. Physiol. (Lond.)169, 424–430 (1963).

    Google Scholar 

  • —: Computed action potential in nerve from Xenopus laevis. J. Physiol. (Lond.)180, 780–787 (1965).

    Google Scholar 

  • —, andA. F. Huxley: The action potential in the myelinated nerve fibre of Xenopus laevis as computed on the basis of voltage clamp data. J. Physiol. (Lond.)171, 302–325 (1964).

    Google Scholar 

  • Hille, B.: A pharmacological analysis of the ionic channels of nerve. Thesis. The Rockefeller University. University Microfilms, Inc. Ann. Arbor (1967).

    Google Scholar 

  • Huxley, A. F., andR. Stämpfli: Evidence for saltatory conduction in peripheral myelinated nerve fibres. J. Physiol. (Lond.)108, 315 (1949).

    Google Scholar 

  • ——: Direct determination of membrane resting and action potential in single myelinated nerve fibres. J. Physiol. (Lond.)112, 476–495 (1951).

    Google Scholar 

  • Nyquist, H.: Regeneration theory. Bell System Journal, January 1932.

  • Stämpfli, R.: Bau und Funktion isolierter markhaltiger Nervenfasern. Ergebn. Physiol.47, 70–165 (1952).

    Google Scholar 

  • —: Dissection of single nerve fibres and measurement of membrane potential changes of Ranvier nodes by means of the double air gap method. In: Laboratory Techniques in Membrane Biophysics. Ed.H. Passow andR. Stämpfli. Berlin-Heidelberg-New York: Springer 1969.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tasaki, J., andA. F. Bak: Current-voltage relations of single nodes of Ranvier as examined by voltage-clamp technique. J. Neurophysiol.21, 124–137 (1958).

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Additional information

This investigation was sponsored by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, Bad Godesberg.

A preliminary short note concerning this method has just been published (Laboratory Techniques in Membrane Biophysics. Ed. byH. Passow andR. Stämpfli, Springer: Heidelberg 1969).

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Nonner, W. A new voltage clamp method for Ranvier nodes. Pflugers Arch. 309, 176–192 (1969). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00586967

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00586967

Schlüsselwörter

Key-Words

Navigation