Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

The onset and progress of transformation of avian slow into fast muscles under neural influence

  • Published:
Pflügers Archiv European Journal of Physiology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Summary

The slow anterior latissimus dorsi (ALD) muscles of newly hatched chiekens were transposed and cross-innervated by the mixed, predominantly fast superior brachialis nerve, and investigated 2 to 15 months after the operation.

Two months after the operation, myosin ATPase activity of the cross-innervated ALD muscles was still as low as in the control ALD, although the ultrastructure and the histochemical ATPase activity already showed a mixed fibre-type pattern with a predominance of fast-type fibres around the site of nerve implantation.

The change of myosin properties of the whole cross-innervated ALD did not occur until the third month after the operation. At that time, the myosin ATPase activity increased about 2.5 times and light chains of myosin of the fast type appeared in the electrophoretic pattern. The myosin ATPase activity attained 62% of the activity found in the control fast posterior latissimus dorsi muscles at three months; subsequently it remained at about this level reaching 68% 18 months after the operation.

The results indicate that approximately two thirds of the corss-innervated ALD muscle fibres became changed towards the fast type under neural influence, whereas about one third remained slow, being re-innervated by the slow-type motor fibres of the implanted nerve.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Asiedu, S., Shafiq, S. A.: Actomyosin ATPase activity of the anterior latissimus dorsi muscle of the chicken. Exp. Neurol.35, 211–213 (1972)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bárány, M., Close, R. I.: The transformation of myosin in cross-innervated rat muscles. J. Physiol. (Lond.)213, 455–474 (1971)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bennett, M. R., Pettigrew, A. G.: The formation of synapses in reinnervated and cross-reinnervated striated muscle during development. J. Physiol. (Lond.)241, 547–573 (1974)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bennett, M. R., Pettigrew, A. G., Taylor, R. S.: The formation of synapses in reinnervated and cross-reinnervated adult avian muscles. J. Physiol. (Lond.)230, 331–357 (1973)

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Buller, A. J., Mommaerts, W. F. H. M., Seraydarian, K.: Enzymic properties of myosin in fast and slow twitch muscles of the cat following cross-innervation. J. Physiol. (Lond.)205, 581–597 (1969)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chibnall, A. C., Rees, M. V., Williams, E. F.: The total nitrogen content of egg albumin and other proteins. Biochem. J.37, 354–359 (1943)

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Close, R. I.: Dynamic properties of mammalian skeletal muscles. Physiol. Rev.52, 129–197 (1972)

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Conway, E. J.: Microdiffusion Analysis and Volumetric Error, 4th ed., p 98. London: Crosby Lockwood 1957

    Google Scholar 

  • Cotter, M., Hudlická, O., Pette, D., Staudte, H., Vrbová, G.: Changes of capillary density and enzyme pattern in fast rabbit muscles during long-term stimulation J. Physiol. (Lond.)230, 34–35 P (1972)

    Google Scholar 

  • Feng, T. P., Wu, W. Y.: The contrasting trophic changes of the anterior and posterior latissimus dorsi of the chick following denervation. Acta physiol. sin.25, 304–311 (1962)

    Google Scholar 

  • Feng, T. P., Wu, W. Y., Yang, F. Y.: Selective reinnervaten of a “slow” or “fast” muscle by its original motor supply during regeneration of a mixed nerve. Scientia sin.14, 1717–1726 (1965)

    Google Scholar 

  • Ginsborg, B. L., Mackay, B.: A histochemical demonstration of two types of motor innervation in avian skeletal muscle. Biol. Anat.2, 174–181 (1961)

    Google Scholar 

  • Golish, G., Pette, D., Pichlmaier, H.: Metabolic differentiation of rabbit skeletal muscle as induced by specific innervation. Europ. J. Biochem.16, 110–116 (1970)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gordon, T., Vrbová, G.: The dependence of the speed of contraction of fast and slow muscle on innervation. J. Physiol. (Lond.)244, 36–37 P (1975)

    Google Scholar 

  • Grim, M.: Development of the primordia of the latissimus dorsi muscle of the chick. Folia morph. (Prag)19, 252–258 (1971)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Guth, L., Samaha, F. J.: Procedure for the histochemical demonstration of actomyosin ATPase. Exp. Neurol.28, 365–367 (1970)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gutmann, E.: Neurotrophic relations. Ann. Rev. Physiol. (in press, 1976)

  • Gutmann, E., Hájek, I., Horský, P.: Effect of excessive use on contraction and metabolic properties of cross-striated muscle. J. Physiol. (Lond.)203, 46–47P (1969)

    Google Scholar 

  • Hess, A.: Structural differences of fast and slow extrafusal muscle fibers and their nerve endings in chickens. J. Physiol. (Lond.)157, 221–231 (1961)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hess, A.: Vertebrate slow muscle fibers. Physiol. Rev.50, 40–62 (1970)

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hikida, R. S.: Morphological transformation of slow to fast muscle fibres after tenotomy. Exp. Neurol.35, 265–273 (1972)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hník, P., Jirmanová, I., Vyklický, L., Zelená, J.: Fast and slow muscles of the chick after nerve cross-union. J. Physiol. (Lond.)193, 309–325 (1967)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jean, D. H., Guth, L., Albers, R. W.: Neural regulation of the structure of myosin. Exp. Neurol.38, 458–471 (1973)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jirmanová, I., Hník, P., Zelená, J.: Implantation of “fast” nerve into slow muscle in young chickens. Physiol. bohemoslov.20, 199–204 (1971)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jirmanová, I., Zelená, J.: Effect of denervation and tenotomy on slow and fast muscles of the chickens. Z. Zellforsch.106, 333–347 (1970)

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jirmanová, I., Zelená, J.: Ultrastructural transformation of fast chicken muscle fibres induced by nerve cross-union. Z. Zellforsch.146, 103–121 (1973)

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Koenig, J., Fardeau, M.: Etude histochemique des muscles grands dorseaux antérieur et postérieur du poulet et des modifications observées après dénervation et réinnervation homologue ou croisée. Arch. Anat. micr. Morph. exp.62, 249–267 (1973)

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lee, S. Y.: A histochemical study of twitch and tonus fibers. J. Morph.133, 253–261 (1971)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lømo, T., Westgaard, R. H., Dahl, H. A.: Contractile properties of muscle: Control by pattern of muscle activity in the rat. Rroc. roy. Soc. B187, 99–103 (1974)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mark, R. F.: Matching muscles and motoneurones. A review of some experiments on motor nerve regeneration. Brain Res.14, 245–254 (1969)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mark, R. F.: Selective innervation of muscle. Brit. med. Bull.30, 122–125 (1974)

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Marrotte, L. R., Mark, R. F.: The mechanisms of selective reinnervation of fish eye muscle. I. Evidence from muscle function recovery. Brain Res.19, 41–51 (1970)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Padykula, H. A., Herman, E.: The specificity of the histochemical method for adenosine triphosphate. J. Histochem. Cytochem.3, 170–195 (1955)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Perry, S. V.: Myosin adenosine triphosphatase. In: Methods in Enzymology (Eds. S. P. Colowick and N. V. Kaplan). Vol. 2, pp. 582–588. New York: Academic Press 1955

    Google Scholar 

  • Pette, D., Smith, M. E., Staudte, H. W., Vrbová, G.: Effects of long-term electrical stimulation on some contractile and metabolic characteristics of fast rabbit muscles. Pflügers Arch.338, 257–272 (1973)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ramirez, B. H., Pette, D.: Effects of long-term electrical stimulation on sarcoplasmic reticulum of fast rabbit muscles. FEBS Lett.49, 188–190 (1974)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Riley, D. A.: Factors affecting the conversion of cross-reinnervated skeletal muscles. Amer. J. Anat.140, 609–615 (1974)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Salmons, S., Vrbová, G.: The influence of activity on some contractile characteristics of mammalian fast and slow muscles. J. Physiol. (Lond.)201, 535–549 (1969)

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Samaha, F. J., Guth, L., Albers, R. W.: The neural ragulation of gene expression in the muscle cell. Exp. Neurol.27, 276–282 (1970)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sperry, R. W., Arora, H. L.: Selectively in regeneration of the oculomotor nerve in the cichlid fish Astronotus ocellatus. J. Embryol. exp. Morph.14, 307–317 (1965)

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sréter, F. A., Gergely, J., Luff, A. L.: The effect of cross reinnervation on the synthesis of myosin light chains. Biochem. biophys. Res. Commun.56, 84–89 (1974)

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sréter, F. A., Gergely, J., Salmons, S., Romanul, F.: Fast muscle will synthesize light chains typical of slow muscles after long-term stimulation. Nature (Lond.)241, 17–18 (1973)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Syrový, I.: Myosin and actomyosin from chick muscles of various types. Int. J. Biochem.4, 36–41 (1973)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Syrový, I., Gutmann, E., Melichna, J.: Effect of exercise on skeletal muscle myosin ATPase activity. Physiol. bohemoslov.21, 633–638 (1972)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Vrbová, G.: The effect of motoneuron activity on the speed of contraction of striated muscle. J. Physiol. (Lond.)169, 513–526 (1963)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Weber, K., Osborn, M.: The reliability of molecular weight determinations by dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. J. biol. Chem.244, 4406–4412 (1969)

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Weeds, A. G., Lowey, S.: Substructure of the myosin molecule II. The light chains of myosin. J. molec. Biol.61, 701–725 (1971)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Weeds, A. G., Trentham, D. R., Kean, C. J. C., Buller, A. J.: Myosin from crossreinnervated cat muscles. Nature (Lond.)247, 135–139 (1974)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zelená, J., Jirmanová, I.: Ultrastructure of chicken slow muscle after nerve cross union. Exp. Neurol.38, 272–285 (1973)

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zelená, J., Soukup, T.: The differentiation of intrafusal fibre types in rat muscle spindles after motor denervation. Cell Tiss. Res.153, 115–136 (1974)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zelená, J., Vyklický, L., Jirmanová, I.: Motor end-plates in fast and slow muscles after cross-union of their nerves. Nature (Lond.)214, 1010–1011 (1967)

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Physiology, Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences, Budějovická 1083, CS-142 20, Prague, Czechoslovakia

    I. Syrový & Jiřina Zelená

Authors
  1. I. Syrový
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Jiřina Zelená
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Syrový, I., Zelená, J. The onset and progress of transformation of avian slow into fast muscles under neural influence. Pflugers Arch. 360, 121–134 (1975). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00580535

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00580535

Key words

Search

Navigation