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The formation of the mesoderm in urodelean amphibians

III. The vegetalizing action of the Li ion

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Summary

Strong Li treatment leads to auto-activation of blastula and gastrula ectoderm due to lethal and sublethal cytolysis, resulting in adirect meso- and endodermization of the ectoderm. In contrast, a mild Li treatment-0.04 M LiCl in Holtfreter solution for only two hours—which does not show cytolizing effects, has no or only a weak mesodermizing effect upon blastula ectoderm. However, when the explant contains endoderm as well the same treatment leads to a marked transformation of ectoderm into mesoderm and subsequently into endoderm (vegetalization). Thisindirect action of the Li ion under “physiological” conditions apparently represents an enhancement of the normally occurring mesoderm formation from the ectodermal component of the blastula under the inducing action of the endodermal component and its subsequent transformation into endodermal structures, probably due to a rise in competence. The question is raised in how far the direct meso-and endodermization of gastrula ectoderm by heterogeneous inductors is open to the same criticsm as in the case of auto-activation of the ectoderm by a strong Li treatment. Finally, the experiments of Ave, Kawakami and Sameshima (1968) are briefly discussed.

Zusammenfassung

Eine starke Li-Behandlung führt im Blastula- und Gastrula-Ektoderm durch letale und subletale Zytolyse zu einer Selbstaktivierung, die sich auswirkt in einerdirekten Meso-und Entodermisierung des Ektoderms. Im Gegensatz dazu zeigt eine gelinde Li-Behandlung — 0,04 M LiCl in Holtfreter-Lösung während nur 2 Std —, die keine zytolyzierende Wirkung hat, keinen oder nur einen schwachen Einflu\ auf isoliertes Blastula-Ektoderm. Wenn dagegen das Explantat auch Entoderm enthlt, führt die gleiche Behandlung zu einer betrchlichen Umbildung von Ektoderm in Mesoderm und weiter in Entoderm (Vegetalisierung). Dieseindirekte Wirkung des Li-Ions unter „physiologischen“ Verhltnissen stellt also offenbar eine Verstrkung dar der im normalen Keim vor sich gehenden Mesodermbildung aus der ektodermalen Komponente unter dem Einflu\ der induzierenden Wirkung der entodermalen Komponente und der darauffolgenden Transformierung in entodermale Strukturen, wsch. durch Kompetenzsteigerung. Es wird die Frage aufgeworfen, inwiefern die unmittelbare Meso- und Entodermisierung von Gastrula-Ektoderm durch heterogene Induktoren der gleichen Beurteilung zugnglich ist wie der Fall der Selbstaktivierung des Ektoderms durch starke Li-Behandlung. Schlie\lich werden die Experimente von Ave, Kawakami u. Sameshima (1968) kurz diskutiert.

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Nieuwkoop, P.D. The formation of the mesoderm in urodelean amphibians. W. Roux' Archiv f. Entwicklungsmechanik 166, 105–123 (1970). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00576988

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