Summary
The effects of diazepam, 5 mg t. i. d., or lithium administered for two weeks on psychomotor skills was examined in 20 healthy male volunteers. The drugs were administered either with alcohol 0.5 g/kg or a placebo. Psychomotor skills were measured by a choice reaction test, two co-ordination tests and an attention test. Serum drug concentrations and blood alcohol levels were also measured. Alcohol impaired all the psychomotor factors tested. Diazepam improved choice reaction performance and slightly eye-hand co-ordination. Lithium impaired the choice reaction performane. Alcohol and diazepam potentiated each other's harmfull effects, whilst lithium tended to antagonize the effects of alcohol, except on co-ordination. The combination of alcohol 0,5 g/kg and lithium may be dangerous in motor vehicle drivers. Alcohol and diazepam together also had very deleterious effect on psychomotor skills related to driving.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Broadbent, D. R.: Information processing in the nervous system. Science150, 457–462 (1965)
Dumas, J.: Decision making in dynamic circumstances, Communication 730022. SAE meeting, Detroit 1973
Eklund, K.: Selvitys ajokkyvyn testausvaunum toiminnasta. Taljan tutkimuksia19, 1–111 (1971)
Fleishman, E. A.: Fractional analysis of complex psychomotor performance and related skills. J. appl. Psychol.40, 96–104 (1956)
Häkkinen, S.: Traffic accidents and driver characteristics. A statistical and psychological study. Helsinki: Teknillinen Korkeakoulu, 1958
Klejn, E. v. d., Wijffels, C. C. G.: Whole body and regional brain distribution of diazepam in newborn rhesus monkeys. Arch. int. Pharmacodyn.192, 255–264 (1971)
Linnoila, M.: Mattila, M. J.: Drug interaction on psychomotor skills related to driving: diazepam and alcohol. Europ. J. clin. Pharmacol.5, 186–194 (1973)
Linoila, M.: Effects of drugs on psychomotor skills related to driving: Anticholinergics and alcohol. Europ. J. Clin. Pharmacol.6, 107–113 (1973)
Linnoila, M., Häkkinen, S.: Effects of diazepam and codeine, alone or in combination with alcohol on simulated driving. J. Pharmacol. exp. Ther. (in press)
Linnoila, M., Otterström, S., Anttila, M.: Serum chlordiazepoxide, diazepam, and thioridazine levels after the oral administration of the agents, in combination with alcohol or placebo drink. Ann. clin. Res. (in press)
Moskowitz, H., DePry, D.: The effects of alcohol upon auditory vigilance and divided attention tasks. Quart. J. Stud. Alcohol32, 787–790 (1971)
Moskowitz, H., Sharma, S.: Alcohol and division of attention and tunnel vision. Hum. Factors (in press)
de Silva, J. A. F., Koechlin, B. A., Bader, G.: Blood level distribution patterns of diazepam and its major metabolite in man. J. pharm. Sc.55, 692–702 (1966)
de Silva, J. A. F., Puglisi, C. V.: Determination of medazepam, diazepam, and their major biotransformation products in blood and urine by electron-capture gas-liquid chromatography. Anal. Chem.42, 1725–1736 (1970)
Wallgren, H.: Mode of action of alcohol on the nervous system. Duodecim88, 258–265 (1972)
Winer, B. J.: Statistical Principles in Experimental Design, p. 325. Ljubljana: McGraw-Hill 1970
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Linnoila, M., Saario, I. & Maki, M. Effect of treatment with diazepam or lithium and alcohol on psychomotor skills related to driving. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 7, 337–342 (1974). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00558202
Received:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00558202