Abstract
An experimental procedure is presented which allows the direct visual observation and measurement of crack extension in ceramic materials at high temperatures. The directly measured crack lengths, gained from displacement-controlled three-point bend tests, are compared to those calculated from the compliance. An energy approach is presented to calculateR-values from the load-displacement curves. TheseR-values for a pure alumina and an alumina containing a glassy phase, for which the load-displacement curves show non-linearity at high temperatures, are compared toK-values andJ-values. The stress intensity approach, based on traction-free surfaces, gives unrealistic data for the nonlinear behaving material owing to adhesive effects behind the actual crack front. TheJ-values, calculated by two methods developed for investigations with moving cracks, are identical to those from the energy approach.
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Bornhauser, A., Kromp, K. & Pabst, R.F. R-curve evaluation with ceramic materials at elevated temperatures by an energy approach using direct observation and compliance calculation of the crack length. J Mater Sci 20, 2586–2596 (1985). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00556090
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00556090