Abstract
HIP treatment after sintering increases the strength of the investigated cemented carbide alloy by a factor of two whereas hardness, fracture toughness, and work of fracture remain unchanged. HIP does not affect the microstructural parameters of the carbide skeleton and the binder phase, but the residual pores are eliminated entirely. Failure of both the as-sintered and post-densified material occurs by a pure Griffith mechanism. The strength-flaw size relationship is established experimentally and is shown to obey exactly Griffith's basic strength equation. The strength is controlled by the largest microstructural defects, i.e. pores in the as-sintered material, and coarse WC grains and inclusions in the HIP-treated specimens.
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Abbreviations
- a :
-
size of the fracture initiating flaw
- a th :
-
theoretical flaw size
- b :
-
sample thickness
- c :
-
length of the pre-crack
- C :
-
contiguity of the carbide phase
- D WC :
-
mean carbide grain size
- E :
-
Young's modulus
- F :
-
fracture surface
- G IC :
-
critical energy release rate
- h :
-
sample height
- H V :
-
Vicker's hardness
- K IC :
-
critical stress intensity factor
- l :
-
span length
- l Co :
-
mean Co layer thickness
- m :
-
Weibull parameter
- P :
-
load
- r p1 :
-
radius of the plastic zone
- R :
-
crack resistance
- S :
-
probability of failure
- U :
-
fracture energy
- X :
-
relative crack length
- Y :
-
K-calibration
- γ F :
-
specific work of fracture
- γ I :
-
specific energy for fracture initiation
- ε :
-
spread of grain size distribution
- λ :
-
compliance of the pre-cracked specimen
- λ 0 :
-
compliance of the uncracked specimen
- v :
-
Poisson's ratio
- σ :
-
fracture stress
- σ 0 :
-
maximum stress
- σ B :
-
bend strength
- σ Y :
-
Yield strength
- σ eff :
-
maximum local stress
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Engel, U., Hübner, H. Strength improvement of cemented carbides by hot isostatic pressing (HIP). J Mater Sci 13, 2003–2012 (1978). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00552908
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00552908