Abstract
Iron and steel were treated in alkaline solutions at boiling point, and the black layers produced on their surfaces were analysed using conversion electron Mössbauer spectrometry (CEMS). The CEM spectra, measured at room temperature, consisted of distorted magnetically split peaks or broad doublet peaks due to ferrimagnetic and superparamagnetic magnetite, respectively. The refined and black surface of steel consisted of fine particles of magnetite with many cations' vacancies at the octahedral structure (B site).
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Nomura, K., Ujihira, Y. Analysis of black layers on steel using conversion electron Mössbauer spectrometry. J Mater Sci 19, 2664–2670 (1984). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00550823
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00550823