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Fracture resistance of paper

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Abstract

An attempt has been made to apply the concepts of fracture mechanics to describe the behaviour of a paper sheet with a crack. Considering paper as an orthotropic homogeneous continuum, the critical strain energy release rate, G c, for eight different papers has been measured using linear elastic fracture mechanics. Also, a direct measurement of work of fracture, R, has been made for these samples by using the quasi-static crack propagation technique. For both techniques, results independent of specimen dimensions were obtained. G c and R were found to be experimentally equivalent. The fracture toughness of paper has been compared with that of other engineering materials.

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Abbreviations

a :

Initial crack length (cm)

a ij :

Elements of compliance matrix ā (cm2 dyn−1)

A :

Area of fractured surface (cm2)

b :

Specimen width (cm)

E :

Young's modulus (dyn cm−2)

E 1 :

Young's modulus in the machine direction (dyn cm−2)

E 2 :

Young's modulus in the cross direction (dyn cm−2)

E θ :

Young's modulus at angle θ to the machine direction (dyn cm−2)

F :

Finite-width correction factor

G :

Strain energy release rate (erg cm−2)

G c :

Critical strain energy release rate (erg cm−2)

K :

Stress intensity factor (dyn cm−3/2)

K c :

Critical stress intensity factor (dyn cm−3/2)

l :

Specimen length (cm)

r y :

Size of plastic zone (cm)

R :

Work of fracture (erg cm−2)

t :

Specimen thickness (cm)

U :

Strain energy (erg)

θ :

Angle in the plane of the sheet measured from the machine direction

ρ :

Specimen density (g cm−3)

σ c :

Gross tensile stress at fracture (dyn cm−2)

σ N :

Net tensile stress at fracture (dyn cm−2)

σ ys :

Tensile yield stress (dyn cm−2)

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Pulp and Paper Research Institute of Canada, Pointe Claire, Quebec, Canada

    R. S. Seth & D. H. Page

Authors
  1. R. S. Seth
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  2. D. H. Page
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Seth, R.S., Page, D.H. Fracture resistance of paper. J Mater Sci 9, 1745–1753 (1974). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00541741

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00541741

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