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Vaisseaux sanguins au cours de l'arthrogenese et leur participation eventuelle à la cavitation articulaire

Blood vessels and arthrogenesis. A possible relationship with the cavitation process

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Summary

The articular mesenchymal tissue (Interzone) is initially avascular. It is commonly accepted that blood vessels only penetrate the peripheral regions (capsular and synovial primordium) and do not reach the central inter-cartilaginous parts. Finger joints of about one hundred chick embryos (5 to 15 days old) and limb joints of about 30 rat embryos (13 to 21 days old) were studied.

The inter-cartilaginous part of the joints was found to be avascular in most cases. Red cells were seen in every part of the interzone before cavitation and also in the microclefts during and after cavitation.

Electron microscopy showed that red cells exhibit diapedese-like movements and could cross the vessel walls. These last were generally continuous, but in some instances fenestrated capillaries were seen. In all joints cavitation occurs first in the synovial mesenchyma, but in a few it starts simultaneously at the periphery and in the centrum of the interzone. At this stage, blood vessels frequently appear very close to the microclefts. During cavitation, there is a direct communication between the vascular system and the articular clefts. This communication persists until clefting of the interzone is complete. The remaining red cells are phagocytized and removed.

In embryos paralyzed by means of Decamethonium bromide, the vascular network was more pronounced than in controls. Capillaries also penetrated the axial part of the articular mesenchyma and remained until it underwent cartilage transformation. In some instances, capillary buds seemed to follow the path that had been followed by the articular cleft, which is strikingly inhibited in this condition. This fact suggest a replacement process. However, in the joints of paralyzed embryos the unavoidable development towards ankylosis showed that the capillaries were unable to induce the formation of persistent articular clefts.

These observations suggest that blood vessels are involved in the process of articular cavitation but in some still unknown manner.

Résumé

Le mésenchyme articulaire (Interzone) est initialement un tissu avasculaire. Il est largement admis que les vaisseaux sanguins pénètrent uniquement ces parties périphériques (les aires présomptives du tissu capsulo-synovial) et épargnent sa portion axiale, intercartilagineuse.

Les jointures digitales d'une centaine d'embryons de poulet (5ème au 15ème jour d'incubation) et les articulations des membres de quelques trente embryons de rat (13ème au 21ème jour de gestation) ont été étudiées.

La portion axiale, intercartilagineuse des jointures s'est révélée avasculaire dans la plupart des cas. Chez les embryons de poulet, les hématies ont été notées dans tout le mésenchyme articulaire avant et dans les microfentes, pendant et après la cavitation articulaire.

La microscopie électronique a montré que les hématies possèdent des mouvements rappelant la diapédèse des leucocytes et peuvent traverser les parois vasculaires. Ces derniers sont le plus souvent continus, mais dans certains cas, des capillaires fenêtrés ont été notés. Dans toutes les jointures, la cavitation articulaire se produit d'abord dans le mésenchyme synovial; dans certaines seulement, elle débute simultanément à la pérphérie et au centre de l'interzone. A ce stade, les vaisseaux sanguins apparaissent fréquemment très près des microfentes. Durant la cavitation une communication directe a été mise en évidence entre la lumière vasculaire et celle des fentes articulaires. Cette communication disparaît avec la fissuration complète de l'interzone. Les hématies accumulées dans les microfentes dégénèrent et sont éliminées par la macrophagocytose.

Chez des embryons paralysés au bromure de Décaméthonium, le réseau vasculaire est plus marqué que chez les embryons de contrôle. Les capillaires ont été notés dans la portion axiale du mésenchyme articulaire et y ont demeuré jusqu'à sa transformation en cartilage. Dans certains cas, les axes vasculaires semblaient emprunter le même trajet qu'aurait normalement emprunté la fente articulaire dont le développement est cependant fortement inhibé dans des conditions de la paralysie. Ce fait suggère un mécansime compensateur mais l'inéluctable évolution du mésenchyme articulaire vers sa transformation en cartilage qui s'observe chez les embryons paralysés a montré que les vaisseaux sanguins étaient incapables d'induire l'apparition de fentes articulaires durables. L'ensemble de ces observations suggèrent l'idée d'une participation des vaisseaux sanguins mais, d'une façon encore inconnue, au processes de la cavitation articulaire.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratoire de Cytologie de la Faculté des Sciences de Paris, Paris, France

    D. Mitrovic

  2. Unité de Recherche Andre-Lichtwitz, Inserm, Paris

    D. Mitrovic

  3. Clinique Rhumatologique de l'Hôpital Lariboisiere, Paris

    D. Mitrovic

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Mitrovic, D. Vaisseaux sanguins au cours de l'arthrogenese et leur participation eventuelle à la cavitation articulaire. Z. Anat. Entwickl. Gesch. 144, 39–60 (1974). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00518632

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