Summary
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1.
The cutaneous vasodilation following arterial occulusion (“reactive hyperemia”) was studied in the rat hind paw. A peak increase in venous outflow of 200–250% was observed within 1 min after a 3 min occlusion period.
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2.
Chronic denervation as well as capsaicin pretreatment reduced the postocclusive cutaneous vasodilatation by more than 60% (P<0.01). This demonstrates that the reactive vasodilatation is of neurogenic origin and mediated by small diameter afferent fibres.
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3.
Reduction of the postocclusive cutaneous vasodilatation after histamine depletion by compound 48/80 indicates the involvement of histamine.
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4.
Among all neuropeptides known to occur in primary sensory neurones only substance P and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide cause vasodilatation when infused i.a. into the rat paw. In contrast to antidromic sensory nerve stimulation or i.a. substance P infusion, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide does not cause plasma extravasation. The vasodilator potency of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide is about 1/500 of substance P in the rat paw. Therefore only substance P is able to mimic the reactive vasodilatation.
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5.
It is concluded that the postocclusive cutaneous vasodilatation is caused mainly by the release of substance P from peripheral endings of small diameter nerve fibres. The “axon reflex”, also involving neurogenic vasodilatation, is assumed to be exerted by the same mechanism.
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Lembeck, F., Donnerer, J. Postocclusive cutaneous vasodilatation mediated by substance P. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Arch. Pharmacol. 316, 165–171 (1981). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00505312
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00505312