Summary
Nitrophenols have been determined in rain collected in Hannover (F. R. Germany) over a period of 9 months in 1988 and in snow collected in Northrhine-Westphalia (F. R. Germany) in February and March 1988. The precipitation samples were analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) using an electron capture detector (ECD), a nitrogen sensitive detector (NPD) and a chemiluminescence detector (thermal energy analyzer, TEA) and by combined gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) using both electron impact (EI) and negative ion chemical ionization (NICI) and in addition by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) using a photodiode array detector.
2-Nitrophenol, 4-nitrophenol, 3-methyl-4-nitrophenol, 2,6-dimethyl-4-nitrophenol, 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP), 2,4-dinitro-6-methylphenol (DNOC), 2,4-dinitro-6-sec-butylphenol (Dinoseb), one additional methylnitrophenol and two additional dimethylnitrophenols have been identified, several other compounds have been identified tentatively. In most instances 4-nitrophenol is the predominant component observed in concentrations ranging from 0.5–17.1 μg/l in rain and from <0.5–16.1 μg/l in snow.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Lunde G, Gether J, Gjos N, Lande MB (1977) Atmos Environ 11:1007–1014
Ligocki MP, Leuenberger C, Pankow JF (1985) Atmos Environ 19:1609–1617
Leuenberger C, Ligocki MP, Pankow JF (1985) Environ Sci Technol 19:1053–1058
Kawamura K, Kaplan IR (1983) Environ Sci Technol 17:497–501
Kawamura K, Kaplan IR (1986) Atmos Environ 20:115–124
Leuenberger C, Czuczwa J, Tremp J, Giger W (1988) Chemosphere 17:511–515
Leuenberger C, Czuczwa J, Heyerdahl E, Giger W (1988) Atmos Environ 22:695–705
Czuczwa J, Leuenberger C, Giger W (1988) Atmos Environ 22:907–916
Rippen G, Zietz E, Frank R, Knacker T, Klöpffer W (1987) Environ Technol Lett 8:475–482
Winkeler H-D, Puttins U, Levsen K (1988) Vom Wasser 70:107–117
Nojima K, Fukaya K, Fukui S, Kanno S, Nishiyama S, Wada Y (1976) Chemosphere 5:25–30
McLeese DW, Zitko V, Peterson MR (1979) Chemosphere 8:53–57
Ritzmann E (1958) Arzneimittelforsch 8:381–385
Keith LH, Teilliard WA (1979) Environ Sci Technol 13:416–423
Nojima K, Kawaguchi A, Ohya T, Kanno S, Hirobe M (1983) Chem Pharm Bull 31:1047–1051
Nojima K, Fukaya K, Fukui S, Kanno S (1975) Chemosphere 4:77–82
Brodesser J, Schöler HF (1987) Vom Wasser 69:61–71
Winkeler H-D, Levsen K (1989) Fresenius Z Anal Chem submitted
Böhm H, Feltes J, Volmer D, Levsen K (1989) J Chromatogr submitted
Schultz B (1981) J Chromatogr 269:208–222
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Alber, M., Böhm, H.B., Brodesser, J. et al. Determination of nitrophenols in rain and snow. Z. Anal. Chem. 334, 540–545 (1989). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00483573
Received:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00483573