Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Angeborene Varicellen

Bericht über einen Fall—Literaturübersicht—Immunologische Gesichtspunkte

Congenital varicella

Case report, review of the literature, and immunologic considerations

  • Published:
Zeitschrift für Kinderheilkunde Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Summary

Congenital varicella are a rare but severe condition. Women should be advised during pregnancy to protect themselves against the infection. Newborn babies of mothers who develop varicella during the last two weeks of gestation or during the first days after delivery are to be considered as being infected. There are reports about 39 infants who acquired the infection in utero with eight fatal cases. The disease seems to be more severe in those babies whose mothers became ill during the last five days before parturition or later.—One case of uncomplicated congenital varicella is reported. The baby had a high level of gamma M-Globulin in its serum which we think to indicate the capacity of immunologic response at even such a low age.

Zusammenfassung

Angeborene Varicellen sind bei der hohen Durchseuchungsrate der Bevölkerung eine zwar seltene, aber ernste Krankheit. Schwangere, die noch keine Windpocken gehabt haben, sollten eine Ansteckung vermeiden. Neugeborene, deren Mütter in den letzten 2 Wochen vor oder in den ersten Tagen nach der Entbindung an Varicellen erkranken, müssen als infiziert angesehen werden.

In der Literatur wird über 39 Fälle intrauterin übertragener Varicellen mit 8 Todesfällen berichtet. Die Krankheit scheint für das Neugeborene gefährlicher zu sein, wenn sie bei der Mutter weniger als 5 Tage vor der Niederkunft ausbricht. Ein eigener Fall wird dargestellt, bei dem ein über die Norm erhöhter Gehalt des Serums an γ M-Globulinen die immunologische Leistungsfähigkeit dieser Altersstufe demonstriert.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

Literatur

  1. Abler, Ch.: Neonatal Varicella. Occurence in babies born of infected mothers. Amer. J. Dis. Child. 107, 492 (1964).

    Google Scholar 

  2. Aiuti, F., M. Midulla, G. Menzetti, G. Turbesi, L. Bertolini, G. Digilio e M. Orzalesi: Ipergamma M globulinemia in un neonato con malattia citomegalica. Aggiorn. Mal. Infez. 11, 337 (1965); ref. in: Zbl. Kinderheilk. 101, 306 (1967).

    Google Scholar 

  3. Alford, C. A.: Studies on antibody in congenital rubella infections. Amer. J. Dis. Child. 110, 455 (1965).

    Google Scholar 

  4. Allansmith, M., J. Maloney, and B. Wymer: Change in immunoglobulin levels in the same babies from birth to age 6 months (Abstract). Fed. Proc. 25, 489 (1966).

    Google Scholar 

  5. Baron, M. F.: Un cas de varicelle mortelle chez le nouveau-né par contagion maternelle. Nourisson 23, 157 (1935).

    Google Scholar 

  6. Bellanti, J. A., M. S. Artenstein, L. C. Olson, E. L. Buescher, C. E. Luhrs, and K. L. Milstead: Congenital Rubella. Amer. J. Dis. Child. 110, 464 (1965).

    Google Scholar 

  7. Bertram, A.: Neonatal Varicella. Lancet 1961/I, 891.

  8. Bradáčová, M., A. Kottová, M. Ryba, and J. Viklický: Congenital Varicella in the newborn (Varicella congenita). Čs. Pediat. 20, 793 (1965); ref. in: Zbl. Kinderheilk. 99, 327 (1966)

    Google Scholar 

  9. Braun, L.: Angeborene Varicellen. Mschr. Kinderheilk. 114, 171 (1966).

    Google Scholar 

  10. Brunell, P. A.: Placental transfer of varicella-zoster antibody. Pediatrics 38, 1034 (1966).

    Google Scholar 

  11. Caravia Vera, D. E.: Sem. méd. 1, 377 (1948); zit. von L. Odessky et al. (1954), P. Freud (1958), H. E. Pearson (1964).

    Google Scholar 

  12. Cosgrave, A. K., and H. J. Samuel: Malay. med. J. 9, 68 (1934); zit. von H. H. Shuman (1939), E. H. Oppenheimer (1944), L. Odessky et al. (1954).

    Google Scholar 

  13. Da Silva, L. A., y F. P. J. Rodrigues: Pediat. prát. (S. Paulo) 37, 179 (1966); ref. in: Zbl. Kinderheilk. 102, 154 (1967).

    Google Scholar 

  14. Ehrlich, R. M., J. A. P. Turner, and M. Clarke: Neonatal Varicella. A case report with isolation of the virus. J. Pediat. 53, 139 (1958).

    Google Scholar 

  15. Eichenwald, H. F., and H. R. Shinefield: Antibody production by the human fetus (Abstract). J. Pediat. 63, 870 (1963).

    Google Scholar 

  16. Fink, C. W., J. Lospalluto, W. Miller, and B. Dorward: The sequences of gamma globulin formation in immunized premature infants: macroglobulin (19 S) antibody formation followed by 7 S antibody (Abstract). Amer. J. Dis. Child. 102, 460 (1961).

    Google Scholar 

  17. Freud, P.: Congenital Varicella. Amer. J. Dis. Child. 96, 730 (1958).

    Google Scholar 

  18. —: Spread of Varicella in nurseries. Amer. J. Dis. Child. 105, 315 (1963).

    Google Scholar 

  19. Fudenberg, H. H., and B. R. Fudenberg: Antibody to hereditary human gamma-globulin (Gm) factor resulting from maternal-fetal incompatibility. Science 145, 170 (1964).

    Google Scholar 

  20. Fulginiti, V. A., O. F. Sieber, H. N. Claman, and D. Merrill: Serum immunoglobulin measurement during the first year of life and in immunoglobulin-deficiency states. J. Pediat. 68, 723 (1966).

    Google Scholar 

  21. Furth, R. van, H. R. E. Schuit, and W. Hijmans: The immunological development of the human fetus. J. exp. Med. 122, 1173 (1965).

    Google Scholar 

  22. Garcia, A. G. P.: Fetal infection in chickenpox and alastrim, with histopathologic study of the placenta. Pediatrics 32, 895 (1963).

    Google Scholar 

  23. Gotoff, S. P., and W. D. Cochran: Antibody response to the somatic antigen of Salmonella Newport in premature infants. Pediatrics 37, 610 (1966).

    Google Scholar 

  24. Gugler, E., u. N. Stege: Quantitative Bestimmung der Immunglobulinreifung mit Antikörper-Agarplatten. Dissertation Bern 1967.

  25. Hanauer, L.: Neonatal Varicella. Lancet 1961/I, 891.

  26. Harris, L. E.: Spread of Varicella in nurseries. Amer. J. Dis. Child. 105, 315 (1963).

    Google Scholar 

  27. Henderson, W. B.: Chickenpox in an eight-day-old infant. J. Pediat. 4, 668 (1934).

    Google Scholar 

  28. Hubbard, T. W.: Varicella occuring in an infant twenty-four hours after birth. Brit. med. J. 1878 I, 822.

  29. Jodar, E.: Neonatal Chickenpox. Henry Ford. Hosp. Bull. 5, 296 (1957); zit. von G. X. Trimble: Amer. J. Dis. Child. 105, 315 (1963); und von O. Thalhammer (1967).

    Google Scholar 

  30. La Via, M. F., D. T. Rowlands, and M. Block: Antibody formation in embryos. Science 140, 1219 (1963).

    Google Scholar 

  31. Librach, I. M.: Congenital chickenpox. Postgrad. med. J. 35, 575 (1959); zit. von H. E. Pearson (1964).

    Google Scholar 

  32. Lucchesi, P. F., A. C. La Boccetta, and A. R. Peale: Varicella neonatorum. Amer. J. Dis. Child. 73, 44 (1947).

    Google Scholar 

  33. McCracken, G. H., and H. R. Shinefield: Immunoglobulin concentrations in newborn infants with congenital cytomegalic inclusion disease. Pediatrics 36, 933 (1965).

    Google Scholar 

  34. Marchalonis, J., and G. M. Edelman: Phylogenetic origins of antibody structure I. Multichain structure of immunoglobulins in the smooth dogfish (Mustelus canis). J. exp. Med. 122, 601 (1965).

    Google Scholar 

  35. Martensson, L., and H. H. Fudenberg: Gm genes and gamma G-globulin synthesis in the human fetus. J. Immunol. 94, 514 (1965).

    Google Scholar 

  36. Middelkamp, J. N.: Varicella in newborn twins. J. Pediat. 43, 573 (1953).

    Google Scholar 

  37. Mitchell, A. G., and E. G. Fletcher: Studies on Varicella. Age and seasonal incidence, recurrences, complications and leukocyte counts. J. Amer. med. Ass. 89, 279 (1927).

    Google Scholar 

  38. Neustadt, A.: Congenital Varicella. Amer. J. Dis. Child. 106, 96 (1963).

    Google Scholar 

  39. Newman, C. G. H.: Perinatal Varicella. Lancet 1965/II, 1159.

  40. Odessky, L., B. Newman, and G. Wein: Congenital Varicella. N.Y. St. J. Med. 54, 2849 (1954).

    Google Scholar 

  41. O'Neil, R. R.: Congenital Varicella. Amer. J. Dis. Child. 104, 391 (1962).

    Google Scholar 

  42. Oppenheimer, E. H.: Congenital chickenpox with disseminated visceral lesions. Bull. Johns Hopk. Hosp. 74, 240 (1944).

    Google Scholar 

  43. Pearson, H. E.: Parturition Varicella-Zoster. Obstet. and Gynec. 23, 21 (1964).

    Google Scholar 

  44. Pridham, F. C.: Chicken-pox during intrauterine life. Brit. med. J. 1913 I, 1054.

  45. Sever, J. L., and H. W. Berendes: Cord blood gamma M as a screening test for congenital viral infections (Abstract). Ped. Res. 1, 217 (1967).

    Google Scholar 

  46. Shuman, H. H.: Varicella in the newborn. Amer. J. Dis. Child. 58, 564 (1939).

    Google Scholar 

  47. Sieber, O. F., V. A. Fulginiti, J. Brazie, and H. J. Umlauf: In utero infection of the fetus by herpes simplex virus. J. Pediat. 69, 30 (1966).

    Google Scholar 

  48. Silverstein, A. M. Congenital syphilis and the timing of immunogenesis in the human foetus. Nature (Lond.) 194, 196 (1962).

    Google Scholar 

  49. — G. J. Thorbecke, K. L. Kraner, and R. J. Lukes: Fetal response to antigenic stimulus. III. gamma-globulin production in normal and stimulated fetal lambs. J. Immunol. 91, 384 (1963).

    Google Scholar 

  50. Smith, R. T., D. V. Eitzman, M. E. Catlin, E. O. Wirtz, and B. E. Miller: The development of the immune response. Characterization of the respone of the human infant and adult to immunization with salmonella vaccines. Pediatrics 33, 163 (1964).

    Google Scholar 

  51. Soothill, J. F., K. Hayes, and J. A. Dudgeon: The immunoglobulins in congenital rubella. Lancet 1966/II, 1385.

  52. Steen, J., and R. V. Pedersen: Varicella in a newborn girl. J. Oslo Cy Hosp. 9, 36 (1959); zit. von H. E. Pearson (1964).

    Google Scholar 

  53. Stiehm, E. R., and H. H. Fudenberg: Serum levels of immune globulins in health and disease: a survey. Pediatrics 37, 715 (1966).

    Google Scholar 

  54. Svehag, S.-E., and B. Mandel: The formation and properties of poliovirus neutralizing antibodies. J. exp. Med. 119, 1 u. 21 (1964).

    Google Scholar 

  55. Thalhammer, O.: Praenatale Erkrankungen des Menschen. Stuttgart: Thieme 1967.

    Google Scholar 

  56. Tokumaru, T.: The role of gamma A immunoglobulins in herpes simplex virus infection in man (Abstract). Fed. Proc. 25, 489 (1966).

    Google Scholar 

  57. Uhr, J. W.: The heterogeneity of the immune response. Science 145, 457 (1964).

    Google Scholar 

  58. Waddington, H. K.: Congenital chickenpox. Report of a case in twins. Obstet. and Gynec. 7, 319 (1956).

    Google Scholar 

  59. West, C. D., R. Hong, and N. H. Holland: Immunoglobulin levels from the newborn period to adulthood and in immunoglobulin deficiency states. J. clin. Invest. 41, 2054 (1962).

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Universitäts-Kinderklinik Marburg an der Lahn, Marburg an der Lahn, Deutschland

    J. Keutel

  2. Institut für Humangenetik der Philipps-Universität, Robert Koch-Straße 7, 3550, Marburg an der Lahn

    J. Keutel

Authors
  1. J. Keutel
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Keutel, J. Angeborene Varicellen. Z. Kinder-Heilk. 102, 266–274 (1968). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00476370

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00476370

Schlüsselwörter

Search

Navigation