Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Biochemistry of disease and pest resistance in cotton

  • Published:
Mycopathologia Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The major antibiotic metabolites in cotton are condensed proanthocyanidins formed from (+)-catechin and (+)-gallocatechin, and terpenoid aldehydes formed from desoxyhemigossypol. These metabolites occur in specific cells or tissues of healthy plants, and the terpenoids are formed in different cells from the proanthocyanidins. Concentrations of the metabolites increase under the stress of disease or pest invasion. The structure, quantity, and localization of constitutive and infection-induced host metabolites, and the speed of their induced biosynthesis, are discussed in relation to the resistance of tissues and varieties to diseases and pests. Finally, the genetic control of secondary metabolites in cotton is reviewed and discussed in relation to breeding for disease and pest control.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Bate-Smith, E. C. 1975. Phytochemistry of proanthocyanidins. Phytochem. 14: 1107–1113.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Batson, W. E., Jr., L. S. Bird, W. J. Tolmsoff, and C. M. Cater. 1970. Accumulation of gossypol and gossypol-like pigments associated with defruited cotton plants. Phytopathology 60: 913–914.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Bell, A. A. 1967. Formation of gossypol in infected or chemically irritated tissues of Gossypium species. Phytopathology 57: 759–764.

    Google Scholar 

  4. Bell, A. A. 1969. Phytoalexin production and verticillium wilt resistance in cotton. Phytopathology 59: 1119–1127.

    Google Scholar 

  5. Bell, A. A. 1973. Nature of disease resistance. In: Verticillium Wilt of Cotton. Proc. Work Conf., Aug. 30–Sept. 1, 1971, College Station, Texas. U. S. D. A. Publ. ARS-S-19. p. 47–62.

  6. Bell, A. A. 1974. Biochemical bases of resistance of plants to pathogens. In: Biological Control of Plant Insects and Diseases, F. G. Maxwell and F. A. Harris, eds. The University Press of Mississippi, Jackson, p. 403–461.

    Google Scholar 

  7. Bell, A. A., and C. R. Howell. 1971. Comparative physiology of Verticillium albo-atrum isolates. II. Induction of phytoalexins in cotton. Proc. Beltwide Cotton Prod. Res. Conf., Jan. 12–13, Atlanta, GA. p. 84–85.

  8. Bell, A. A., and J. T. Presley. 1969. Temperature effects upon resistance and phytoalexin synthesis in cotton inoculated with Verticillium albo-atrum. Phytopathology 59: 1141–1146.

    Google Scholar 

  9. Bell, A. A., and J. T. Presley. 1969. Heat-inhibited or heat-killed conidia of Verticillium albo-atrum induce disease resistance and phytoalexin synthesis in cotton. Phytopathology 59: 1147–1151.

    Google Scholar 

  10. Bell, A. A., and R. D. Stipanovic. 1972. Chemistry and nature of fungitoxic compounds in diseased cotton. Proc. Beltwide Cotton Prod. Res. Conf., Jan. 10–12, Memphis, TN. p. 87–88.

  11. Bell, A. A., and R. D. Stipanovic. 1977. The chemical composition, biological activity, and genetics of pigment glands in cotton. Proc. Beltwide Cotton Prod. Res. Conf., Jan. 10–12, Atlanta, GA. p. 244–258.

  12. Bell, A. A., R. D. Stipanovic, C. R. Howell, and P. A. Fryxell. 1975. Antimicrobial terpenoids of Gossypium: Hemigossypol, 6-methoxyhemigossypol, and 6-deoxyhemi-gossypol. Phytochem. 14: 225–231.

    Google Scholar 

  13. Bendz, G., and J. Santesson eds.. 1973. Chemistry in Botanical Classification. Nobel Symposia: Medicine and Natural Science. Academic Press, New York. 320 p.

    Google Scholar 

  14. Boatner, C. H. 1948. Pigments of cottonseed. In: Cottonseed and Cottonseed Products, A. E. Bailey, ed. Interscience Publ. Inc., New York, p. 213–363.

    Google Scholar 

  15. Booth, J. A. 1969. Gossypium hirsutum tolerance to Verticillium albo-atrum infection. I. Amino acid exudation from aseptic roots of tolerant and susceptible cotton. Phytopathology 59: 43–46.

    Google Scholar 

  16. Booth, J. A. 1974. Effect of cotton root exudate constituents on growth and pectolytic enzyme production by Verticillium albo-atrum. Canadian J. Bot. 52: 2219–2224.

    Google Scholar 

  17. Bugbee, W. M. 1970. Vascular response of cotton to infection by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum. Phytopathology 60: 121–123.

    Google Scholar 

  18. Carter, W. W. 1974. Histological responses of resistant and susceptile Gossypium arboreum to Rotylenchulus reniformis. J. Nematology 6: 138.

    Google Scholar 

  19. Cason, E. T., Jr., P. E. Richardson, L. A. Brinkerhoff, and R. K. Gholson. Histopathology of immune and susceptible cotton cultivars inoculated with Xanthomonas malvacearum. Phytopathology 67: 195–198.

  20. Cauquil, J. (1973). Cotton Boll Rot. English Translation by M. D. Saidi and L. Paul. U.S. Dept. of Commerce, Springfield, VA. 143 p.

    Google Scholar 

  21. Cook, O. F. 1906. Weevil-resisting adaptations of the cotton plant. U.S. Dept. of Agric. Bur. Plant Ind. Bull. No. 88. 81 p.

  22. Gaibullaev, I. K., M. K. Avazkhodzhaev, and A. E. Egamberdiev. 1975. Reaction of chemomutants of cotton to infection by the pathogen of Verticillium wilt. English translation of Genetika 11: 34–36.

    Google Scholar 

  23. Garber, R. H., and B. R. Houston. 1966. Penetration and development of Verticillium albo-atrum in the cotton plant. Phytopathology 56: 1121–1126.

    Google Scholar 

  24. Haslam, E. 1975. Natural proanthocyanidins. In: The Flavanoids, J. O. Harborne, T. J. Mabry, and H. Mabry, eds. Chapman and Hall, London, p. 505–559.

    Google Scholar 

  25. Hopper, D. G., R. J. Venere, L. A. Brinkerhoff, and R. K. Gholson. 1975. Necrosis induction in cotton. Phytopathology 65: 206–213.

    Google Scholar 

  26. Howell, C. R., A. A. Bell, and R. D. Stipanovic. 1976. Effect of aging on flavanoid content and resistance of cotton leaves to Verticillium wilt. Physiol. Plant Pathol. 8: 181–188.

    Google Scholar 

  27. Howell, C. R., R. D. Stipanovic, and A. A. Bell. 1974. Cotton leaf flavanoids as a factor in resistance of cotton to Verticillium wilt. Proc. Beltwide Cotton Prod. Res. Conf., Jan. 7–9, Dallas, TX. p. 30.

  28. Hunter, R. E. 1972. Relationship of plant constituents to seedling diseases. Proc. Beltwide Cotton Prod. Res. Conf., Jan. 10–12, Memphis, TN. p. 86–87.

  29. Hunter, R. E. 1974. Inactivation of pectic enzymes by polyphenols in cotton seedlings of different ages infected with Rhizoctoniasolani. Physiol. Plant Path. 4: 151–159.

    Google Scholar 

  30. Hunter, R. E., J. M. Halloin, J. A. Veech, and W. W. Carter. 1975. Terpenoid aldehydes produced by hypocotyls of cotton seedlings in response to infection by Rhizoctonia solani. Proc. Beltwide Cotton Prod. Res. Conf., Jan. 6–8, New Orleans, LA. p. 23.

  31. Ingham, J. L., and J. B. Harborne. 1976. Phytoalexin induction as a new dynamic approach to the study of systemic relationships among higher plants. Nature 260: 241–243.

    Google Scholar 

  32. Keen, N. T., M. Long, and D. C. Erwin. 1972. Possible involvement of a pathogen-produced protein-lipopolysaccharide complex in Verticillium wilt of cotton. Physiol. Plant Path. 2: 317–331.

    Google Scholar 

  33. Mace, M. E. 1978. Contributions of tyloses and terpenoid aldehyde phytoalexins to verticillium wilt resistance in cotton. Physiol. Plant Path. 12: 1–11.

    Google Scholar 

  34. Mace, M. E., A. A. Bell, and C. H. Beckman. 1976. Histochemistry and identification of disease-induced terpenoid aldehydes in verticillium-wilt-resistant and -susceptible cottons. Canadian J. Bot. 54: 2095–2099.

    Google Scholar 

  35. Mace, M. E., A. A. Bell, and R. D. Stipanovic. 1974. Histochemistry and isolation of gossypol and related terpenoids in roots of cotton seedlings. Phytopathology 64: 1297–1302.

    Google Scholar 

  36. Mace, M. E., and C. R. Howell. 1974. Histochemistry and identification of condensed tannin precursors in roots of cotton sedlings. Canadian J. Bot. 52: 2423–2426.

    Google Scholar 

  37. McClure, M. A., and J. Robertson. 1973. Infection of cotton seedlings by Meloidogyne incognita and a method of producing uniformly infected root segments. Nematologica 19: 428–434.

    Google Scholar 

  38. Minton, N. A. 1962. Factors influencing resistance forcotton to root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.). Phytopathology 52: 272–279.

    Google Scholar 

  39. Mueller, W. C., and C. H. Beckman. 1976. Ultrastructure and development of phenolic-storing cells in cotton roots. Canadian J. Bot. 54: 2074–2082.

    Google Scholar 

  40. Mussell, H. W. 1973. Endopolygalacturonase: Evidence for involvement in verticillium wilt of cotton. Phytopathology 63: 62–70.

    Google Scholar 

  41. Novacky, A. 1972. Influence of Xanthomonas malvacearum infection on cotton pigment glands. Plant Disease Reptr. 56: 765–767.

    Google Scholar 

  42. Raj, S. A. 1974. Changes in gossypol content of cotton plants susceptible and resistant to Fusarium wilt. Annamalai Univ. Agr. Res. Ann. 4/5: 198–200.

    Google Scholar 

  43. Sadykov, A. A., L. V. Metlitskii, A. K. Karimdzhanov, A. I. Ismailov, R. A. Mukhamedova, M. K. Avazhodahaev, and F. G. Kamaev. Isohemigossypol the phytoalexin in the cotton plant. Dokl. Biochem. (English Translation of Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR Ser Biochim) 218: 506–509.

  44. Singh, D., L. A. Brinkerhoff, and G. Guinn. 1971. Effect of alanine on development of verticillium wilt in cotton cultivars with different levels of resistance. Phytopathology 61: 881–882.

    Google Scholar 

  45. Singh, I. D., and J. B. Weaver, Jr. 1972. Effect of gossypol on the incidence of boll rot and agronomic characters of cotton. Cotton Growing Rev. 49: 242–249.

    Google Scholar 

  46. Snow, J. P., and M. G. Sachdev. (1977). Varietal reactions to Diplodia gossypina. Proc. Beltwide Cotton Prod. Res. Conf., Jan. 10–12, Atlanta, GA. p. 25–27.

  47. Stipanovic, R. D., A. A. Bell, and C. R. Howell. 1975. Naphthofuran precursors of sesquiterpenoid aldehydes in diseased Gossypium. Phytochem. 14: 1809–1811.

    Google Scholar 

  48. Stipanovic, R. D., A. A. Bell, and M. J. Lukefahr. 1977. Natural insecticides from cotton (Gossypium). In: Chemical Basis for Host Plant Resistance to Pests. Amer. Chem. Soc. Symposium Series. 62: 197–214.

    Google Scholar 

  49. Stipanovic, R. D., A. A. Bell, M. E. Mace, and C. R. Howell. 1975. Antimicrobial terpenoids of Gossypium: 6-methoxv-gossypol and 6,6′-dimethoxygossypol. Phytochem. 14: 1077–1081.

    Google Scholar 

  50. Stoessl, A., J. B. Stothers, and E. W. B. Ward. 1976. Sesquiterpenoid stress compounds of the Solanaceae. Phytochem. 15: 855–872.

    Google Scholar 

  51. Strand, L. L., and H. Mussell. 1975. Solubilization of peroxidase activity from cotton cell walls by endopolygalacturonases. Phytopathology 65: 830–831.

    Google Scholar 

  52. Swain, T. 1977. Secondary compounds as protective agents. Ann. Rev. Plant Physiol. 28: 479–501.

    Google Scholar 

  53. Veech, J. A. 1976. Localization of peroxidase in Rhizoctonia solani-infected cotton seedlings. Phytopathology 66: 1072–1076.

    Google Scholar 

  54. Veech, J. A. 1978. An apparent relationship between methoxy-substituted terpenoid aldehydes and the resistance of cotton to Meloidogyne incognita. Nematologica 24: 81–87.

    Google Scholar 

  55. Veech, J. A., and M. A. McClure. 1977. Terpenoid aldehydes in cotton roots susceptible and resistant to the root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita. J. Nematology 9: 225–229.

    Google Scholar 

  56. Veech, J. A., R. D. Stipanovic, and A. A. Bell. 1976. Peroxidative conversion of hemigossypol to gossypol. A revised structure for isohemigossypol. J. C. S. Chem. Comm., p. 144–145.

  57. Wang, S. C., and J. A. Pinckard. 1972. Some biochemical factors associated with the infection of cotton fruit by Diplodia gossypina. Phytopathology 62: 460–465.

    Google Scholar 

  58. Wang, S. C., and J. A. Pinckard. 1973. Cotton boll cuticle, a potential factor in boll rot resistance. Phytopathology 63: 315–319.

    Google Scholar 

  59. Wilhelm, S., J. E. Sagen, and H. Tietz. 1974. Resistance to verticillium wilt in cotton: sources, techniques of identification, inheritance trends, and the resistance potential of multiline cultivars. Phytopathology 64: 924–931.

    Google Scholar 

  60. Zaki, A.I., N.T. Keen, and D.C. Erwin. 1972. Implication of vergosin and hemigossypol in the resistance of cotton to Verticillium albo-atrum. Phytopathology 62: 1402–1406.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. National Cotton Pathology Research Laboratory, USDA, P. O. Drawer JF, 77840, College Station, Texas, USA

    A. A. Bell & R. D. Stipanovic

Authors
  1. A. A. Bell
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. R. D. Stipanovic
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Bell, A.A., Stipanovic, R.D. Biochemistry of disease and pest resistance in cotton. Mycopathologia 65, 91–106 (1978). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00447180

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00447180

Keywords

Search

Navigation