Summary
-
1.
The general cytoplasmic features of Fischerella muscicola, Stigonema hormoides and cells of Stigonema mamillosum found as a phycobiont in the lichen Ephebe lanata are similar to those found in other cyanophyte cells.
-
2.
In all instances the outer surface of the quadrilayered cell wall bears a series of ridges. The membrane-like outermost layer (L IV) also exhibits a number of evaginations thought to represent sites of extrusion of material from the cytoplasm through the wall into the enveloping fibrous mucilage.
-
3.
Cross walls are formed by inward growth of the two inner layers of the lateral walls, the daughter cells subsequently moving apart through the inward intrusion of the two outer wall layers and a bulk of mucilage.
-
4.
The daughter cells remain connected by a persistent central region of the original septum. This septum is penetrated by pores, although these do not pierce the underlying plasma membranes and no direct connection of the protoplasts is achieved.
-
5.
An apical cell of S. hormoides was found to be capped by remnants of a cross wall, presumably by the disruption of a previously distal cell.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Allen, M. M.: Ultrastructure of the cell wall and cell division of unicellular bluegreen algae. J. Bact. 96, 842–852 (1968).
Allsopp, A.: Phylogenetic relationships of the procaryota and the origin of the eucaryotic cell. New Phytol. 68, 591–612 (1969).
Brown, D. L., Bisalputra, T.: Fine structure of the blue-green alga Nostoc sphaericum: the structured granule. Phycologia 8, 119–126 (1969).
Edwards, M. R., Berns, D. S., Chiorse, C., Holt, S. C.: Ultrastructure of the thermophilic blue-green alga Synechococcus lividus. J. Phycol. 4, 283–298 (1968).
Frank, H., Lefort, M., Martin, H. H.: Elektrononoptische und chemische Untersuchungen an Zellwänden der Blaualgen Phormidium uncinatum. Z. Naturforsch. 17b, 262–268 (1962).
Fritsch, F. E.: The structure and reproduction of the algae, Vol. 2. Cambridge: University Press 1945.
Geitler, L.: Cyanophyceae. In: G. L. Rabenhorst, Kryptogamen-Flora, Vol. 14. Leipzig: Akad. Verlagsges. 1932.
—: Schizophyceen. In: Handbuch der Pflanzenanatomie (W. Zimmermann u. P. Ozenda, eds.). Berlin: Gebrüder Borntraeger 1960.
Glauert, A., Thornley, M. J.: The topography of the bacterial cell wall. Ann. Rev. Microbiol. 23, 159–198 (1969).
Henssen, A.: Eine Revision der Flechtenfamilien Lichinaceae und Ephebaceae. Symb. bot. Upsal. 18, 1 (1963).
Jensen, T. E., Clarke, R. L.: Cell wall and coat of the developing akinete of a Cylindrospermum species. J. Bact. 97, 1494–1495 (1969).
Jost, M.: Die Ultrastruktur von Oscillatoria rubescens. Arch. Mikrobiol. 50, 211–245 (1965).
Lamont, H. C.: Trichome breakage in oscillatoriacean blue-green algae. Ph. D. Thesis, Harvard University, U.S.A., 1968.
—: Shear oriented microfibrils in the mucilaginous investments of two motile oscillatoriacean blue-green algae. J. Bact. 97, 350–361 (1969a).
—: Sacriticial cell death and trichome breakage in an oscillatoriacean blue-green alga: the role of murein. Arch. Mikrobiol. 69, 237–259 (1969b).
Lang, N. J.: The fine structure of blue-green algae. Ann. Rev. Microbiol. 22, 15–46 (1968).
Marty, F., Busson, F.: Données cytologiques et systématiques sur Spirulina platensis (Gom) Geitler et Spirulina Geitleri J. de Toni (Cyanophyceae-Oscillatoriaceae). C. R. Acad. Sci. (Paris) 270, 786–789 (1970).
Retallack, B., Butler, R. D.: The development and structure of the zoospore vesicle in Bulbochaete hiloensis. Arch. Mikrobiol. 72, 233–237 (1970).
Ris, H., Singh, R. N.: Electron microscope studies on blue-green algae. J. biophys. biochem. Cytol. 9, 63–80, (1961).
Spearing, J. K.: Cytological studies of the Myxophyceae. Arch. Protistenk. 89, 209–278 (1937).
Stanier, R. V., Van Niel, C. B.: The concept of a bacterium. Arch. Mikrobiol. 42, 17–35 (1962).
Venable, J. H., Coggeshall, R.: A simplified lead citrate stain. J. Cell Biol. 25, 407–408 (1965).
Weise, G., Drews, G., Jann, B., Jann, K.: Identification and analysis of a lipopolysaccharide in cell walls of the blue-green alga Anacystis nidulans. Arch. Mikrobiol. 71, 89–98 (1970).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
Deceased on April 19th, 1971.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Butler, R.D., Allsopp, A. Ultrastructural investigations in the stigonemataceae (cyanophyta). Archiv. Mikrobiol. 82, 283–299 (1972). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00424933
Received:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00424933