Summary
Previous studies have shown that unsaturated fat-enriched diets may have a beneficial effect on blood pressure in non-insulin-dependent diabetic (NIDDM) patients, whereas little is known about the effects on albuminuria. In a 3-week cross-over design we compared the effects of a currently recommended high-carbohydrate diet (50% carbohydrate, 30% fat [10% monounsaturated fat]) vs a diet rich in monounsaturated fat (30% carbohydrate, 50% fat [30% monounsaturated fat]) on urinary albumin excretion rate, 24-h ambulatory blood pressure and metabolic control in ten NIDDM patients with persistent microalbuminuria. The 24-h ambulatory blood pressure was similar before and after both the high-carbohydrate diet (mean±SD: 145/78±25/10 vs 143/79±19/10 mmHg (NS) and the monounsaturated fat diet: 140/78±16/8 vs 143/79±15/8 mmHg (NS). No changes were observed in day or night-time blood pressures. Urinary albumin excretion rate was unaffected after 3 weeks' treatment by the diets: from (geometric mean ×/÷ tolerance factor) 32.4×/÷2.1 to 36.0×/÷1.9 Μg/min (NS) vs from 34.2×/÷1.9 to 32.1×/÷2.1 Μg/min (NS). Fasting plasma glucose, serum fructosamine and HbA1c as well as lipid and lipoprotein concentrations were stable during both diets. Compared to the high-carbohydrate diet a reduction in the LDL/HDL cholesterol ratio was observed during the monounsaturated fat diet (p<0.03). In conclusion, compared to a high-carbohydrate diet, 3 weeks' treatment with a monounsaturated fat diet did not affect the levels of 24-h ambulatory blood pressure or albuminuria in microalbuminuric NIDDM patients. Moreover, glycaemic control and lipoprotein levels were unchanged, although a potential beneficial effect on the LDL/HDL-cholesterol ratio was noted. Monounsaturated fat represents an alternative in the diets of NIDDM patients especially when caloric intake is not a concern.
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Abbreviations
- UAE:
-
Urinary albumin excretion rate
- NIDDM:
-
non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
- MUFA:
-
monounsaturated fatty acids
- PUFA:
-
polyunsaturated fatty acids
- ANOVA:
-
analysis of variance
- CHO:
-
carbohydrate
- CI:
-
confidence interval
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Nielsen, S., Hermansen, K., Rasmussen, O.W. et al. Urinary albumin excretion rate and 24-h ambulatory blood pressure in NIDDM with microalbuminuria: effects of a monounsaturated-enriched diet. Diabetologia 38, 1069–1075 (1995). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00402177
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00402177