Abstract
In nodules of Glycine max cv. Mandarin infected with a nod +fix- mutant of Rhizobium japonicum (RH 31-Marburg), lysis of bacteroids was observed 20 d after infection, but occurred in the region around the host cell nucleus, where lytic compartments were formed. Bacteroids, and peribacteroid membranes in other parts of the host cell remained stable until senescence (40d after infection). With two other nod+ fix- mutants of R. japonicum either stable bacteroids and peribacteroid membranes were observed throughout the cell (strain 61-A-165) or a rapid degeneration of bacteroids without an apparent lysis (strain USDA 24) occurred. The size distribution of RH 31-Marburg-infected nodules exhibited only two maxima compared with four in wild-type nodules and nodule leghaemoglobin content was found to be reduced to about one half that of the wild type. The RH 31-Marburg-nodule type is discussed in relation to the stability of the bacteroids and the peribacteroid membrane system in soybean.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Basset, B., Goodmann, R.N., Novacky, A. (1977) Ultrastructure of soybean nodules. II. Deterioration of the symbiosis in ineffective nodules. Can. J. Microbiol. 23, 873–883
Bergersen, F.J., Goodchild, D.J. (1973) Cellular location and concentration of leghaemoglobin in soybean root nodules. Aust. J. Biol. Sci. 26, 741–756
Beringer, J., Johnston, A.W.B., Wells, B. (1977) Isolation of conditional ineffective mutants of Rhizobium leguminosarum. J. Gen. Microbiol. 98, 339–343
Boller, T., Kende, H. (1979) Hydrolytic enzymes in the central vacuole of plant cells. Plant Physiol. 63, 1123–1132
Chen, Y., Bender, G.L., Trinick, H.J., Morrison, N.A., Scott, K.F., Gresshoff, P.M., Shine, J., Rolfe, B. (1982) Transposon mutagenesis in rhizobia which can nodulate both legumes and the non legume Parasponia. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 43, 233–236
Goodchild, D.J., Bergersen, F.J. (1966) Electron microscopy of the infection and subsequent development of soybean root nodule cells. J. Bacteriol. 92, 204–213
Gunning, B.E.S. (1970) Lateral fusion of membranes in bacterioid containing cells of leguminous root nodules. J. Cell Sci. 7, 307–317
Hörcher, R., Wilcockson, J., Werner, D. (1980) Screening for mutants of Rhizobium japonicum with defects in nitrogen fixing ability. Z. Naturforsch. Teil C 35, 729–732
Holl, F.B. (1975) Host plant control of the inheritance of dinitrogen fixation in the Pisum-Rhizobium-symbiosis. Euphytica 24, 767–770
Kijne, J.W., Planqué, K. (1979) Ultrastructural study of the endomembrane system in infected cells of pea and soybean root nodules. Physiol. Plant Pathol. 14, 339–345
Kuykendall, L.D. (1981) Mutants of Rhizobium, that are altered in legume interaction and nitrogen fixation. In: Biology of the Rhizobiaceae, pp. 299–309, Giles, K.L., Atherly, A.G. eds. Academic Press, New York
Maier, R.J., Brill, W.J. (1976) Ineffective and non nodulating mutant strains of Rhizobium japonicum. J. Bacteriol. 127, 763–769
Matile, Ph. (1975) The lytic compartment of plant cells. Springer, Wien New York
Matile, Ph., Wiemken, A. (1976) Interactions between cytoplasm and vacuole. In: Encyclopedia of plant physiology, N.S., vol. 3.: Transport in plants III, pp. 255–287, Stocking, C.R., Heber, U., eds. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York
Mellor, R.B., Dittrich, W., Werner, D. (1984) Legume root response to symbiotic infection: mannoconjugate assembly and disassembly. Physiol. Plant Pathol. (in press)
Newcomb, W., Syone, K., Torrey, J.G. (1977) Development of an ineffective pea root nodule: morphogenesis, fine structure and cytokinine biosynthesis. Can. J. Bot. 55, 1891–1907
Newcomb, W. (1981) Nodule morphogenesis and differentiation. In: Biology of the Rhizobiaceae, pp. 247–298, Giles, K.L., Atherly, A.G., eds. Academic Press, New York
Newcomb, W., McIntyre, L. (1981) Development of root nodules of mung bean (Vigna radiata) a reinvestigation of endocytosis. Can. J. Bot. 59, 2478–2499
Robertson, J.G., Warburton, M.P., Lyttleton, P., Fordyce, A.M., Bullivant, S. (1978) Membranes from lupin root nodules. 2. Preparation and properties of peribacteroid membranes and bacteroid envelope inner membranes from developing lupin nodules. J. Cell Sci. 30, 151–174
Robertson, J.G. (1984) The role of the peribacteroid membrane. In: Advances in nitrogen fixation research, p. 29, Veeger, C., Newton, W., eds. Nyhoff, The Hague, Purdue, Wageningen
Schmiedel, G., Schnepf, E. (1980) Polarity and growth of caulonema tip cells of the moss Funaria hygrometrica. Planta 147, 405–413
Schnepf, E., Busch, J. (1976) Morphology and kinetics of slime secretion in glands of Mimulus tilingii. Z. Pflanzenphysiol. 79, 62–71
Schwinghammer, E.A. (1977) Genetic aspects of nodulation and dinitrogen fixation by legumes: the microsymbiont. In: A treatise on dinitrogen fixation, section III, pp. 577–622, Hardy, R.W.P., Silver, W.S., eds. Wiley, New York
Stouthamer, A.H. (1984) Hydrogen and energy metabolism of Rhizobium. In: Advances in nitrogen fixation research, p. 14, Veeger, C., Newton, W., eds. Nyhoff, The Hague, Purdue, Wageningen
Stripf, R., Werner, D. (1978) Differentiation of Rhizobium japonicum. II. Enzymatic activities in bacteriods and plant cytoplasm during the development of nodules of Glycine max. Z. Naturforsch. Teil C 33, 373–381
Stripf, R., Werner, D. (1980) Development of discontinuous size classes of nodules of Glycine max. Z. Naturforsch. Teil C 35, 776–782
Tu, J.C. (1975) Structural similarity of the membrane envelopes of rhizobial bacteroids and the plasma membrane of the host cell as revealed by freeze-fracturing. J. Bacteriol. 172, 691–694
Vance, C.P., Johnson, L.E.B., Hardarson, G. (1980) Histological comparison of plant and Rhizobium induced ineffective nodules in alfalfa. Physiol. Plant Pathol. 17, 167–173
Werner, D. (1976) Nitrogenase-activity in the in vitro symbiosis of Rhizobium japonicum and tissue cultures of Glycine max and in Rhizobium in pure culture on defined media. Ber. Dtsch. Bot. Ges. 89, 563–574
Werner, D., Mörschel, E. (1978) Differentiation of nodules of Glycine max. Ultrastructural studies of plant cells and bacterioids. Planta 141, 169–177
Werner, D., Mörschel, E., Stripf, R., Winchenbach, B. (1980) Development of nodules of Glycine max infected with an ineffective strain of Rhizobium japonicum. Planta 147, 320–329
Werner, D., Wilcockson, J., Zimmermann, E. (1975) Adsorption and selection of rhizobia by ion exchange papers. Arch. Microbiol. 105, 27–32
Werner, D., Wilcockson, J., Stripf, R., Mörschel, E., Papen, H. (1981) Limitations of symbiotic and associative nitrogen fixation by developmental stages in the system Rhizobium japonicum with Glycine max and Azospirillum brasilense with grasses, e.g. Triticum aestivum. In: Nitrogen and sulfur metabolism, pp. 299–308, Bothe, M., Trebst, A., eds. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York
Wiemken, A., Schellenberg, M., Urech, K. (1979) Vacuoles: the sole compartment of digestive enzymes in yeast cells (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). Arch. Microbiol. 129, 23–35
Wilcockson, J., Werner, D. (1976) Nitrogenase-activity by Klebsiella and Rhizobium on solid substrata exposed to air. Ber. Dtsch. Bot. Ges. 89, 587–607
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Werner, D., Mörschel, E., Kort, R. et al. Lysis of bacterioids in the vicinity of the host cell nucleus in an ineffective (fix-) root nodule of soybean (Glycine max). Planta 162, 8–16 (1984). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00397414
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00397414