Summary
A 2,900 base pair DNA segment of the spinach plastid chromosome which encodes the genes for the 44 kd chlorophyll a apoprotein and a “32 kd”-like protein of the photosystem II reaction center has been subjected to sequence and Northern blot analysis. The genes are located almost centrally in the large single-copy segment of the chromosome adjacent to the two genes for the P700 chlorophyll a apoproteins of the photosystem I reaction center. The DNA sequence reveals two uninterrupted protein-coding regions of 473 (44 kd chlorophyll a apoprotein) and 353 triplets (“32 kd”-like protein). The latter gene is strikingly similar to the gene for the herbicide-binding “32 kd” protein which maps some 30 kbp distant on the plastid chromosome. The two genes overlap by 50 base pairs but are read in different phases. They may be contranscribed and the RNA modified to give several discrete species ranging in size from 1.6 to 4.6 kb. A presumptive promoter site was only identified for the “32 kd”-like protein, while potential ribosome binding and transcription termination sites are found preceding and following both genes, respectively. The polypeptides possess a high content of hydrophobic amino acids, most of which appear to be clustered in transmembrane spans. The molecular weights of 51,785 (44 kd chlorophyll a apoprotein) and 39,465 (“32 kd”-like protein) derived from the deduced amino acid sequences are higher than the experimentally determined protein sizes. Amino acid codon usage for both genes is highly selective. Comparison of the chlorophyll a apoproteins of spinach reveals regions of sequence homology.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Åkerlund HE, Jansson C, Andersson B (1982) Biochim Biophys Acta 681:1–10
Alt J, Westhoff P, Sears BB, Nelson N, Hurt E, Hauska G, Herrmann RG (1983) EMBO J 2:979–986
Ames BN, Hartmann PE (1963) Cold Spring Harbor Symp Quant Biol 28:349–356
Bengis C, Nelson N (1977) J Biol Chem 252:4564–4569
Birnboim HC, Doly J (1979) Nucleic Acids Res 7:1513–1523
Bossi L, Roth JE (1980) Nature 286:123–127
Camm EL, Green BR (1983) J Cell Biochem 23:171–179
Chua NH, Gillham NW (1977) J Cell Biol 74:441–452
Chua NH, Matlin K, Bennoun P (1975) J Cell Biol 67:361–377
Darley-Usmar MV, Fuller SD (1981) FEBS Lett 135:164–166
Debus RJ, Valhirs GE, Okamura MY, Feher G (1982) Biochim Biophys Acta 682:500–503
Delepelaire P, Chua NH (1979) Proc Natl Acid Sci USA 76:111–115
Driesel AJ, Speirs J, Bohnert HJ (1980) Biochim Biophys Acta 610:297–310
Hauska G, Samoray D, Orlich G, Nelson N (1980) Eur J Biochem 111:535–543
Hearst JE, Sauer K (1984) Z Naturforsch 39c:421–424
Heinemeyer W, Alt J, Herrmann RG (1984) Curr Genet 8:543–549
Herrmann RG, Whitfeld PR (1982) In: Edelman M, Hallick R, Chua NH (eds) Methods in chloroplast molecular biology. Elsevier, North Holland, Amsterdam, pp 451–468
Herrmann RG, Westhoff P, Alt J, Winter P, Tittgen J, Bisanz C, Sears BB, Nelson N, Hurt E, Hauska G, Viebrock A, Sebald W (1983) In: Cifferi O, Dure III L (eds) Structure and function of plant genomes. Plenum Publ Corp, pp 143–154
Herrmann RG, Alt J, Schiller B, Cramer WA (1984) FEBS Lett, in press
Herrin D, Michaels A, Hickey E (1981) Biochim Biophys Acta 655:136–145
Hirschberg J, McIntosh L (1983) Science 222:1346–1348
Hirschberg J, Bleecker A, Kyle DJ, McIntosh L, Arntzen CJ (1984) Z Naturforsch 39c:412–420
Howe CJ, Auffret AD, Doherty A, Bowman CM, Dyer TA, Gray JC (1982) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 79:6903–6907
Jansson C, Andersson B, Åkerlund HE (1979) FEBS Lett 105:177–180
Katz L, Kingsbury DT, Helinski DR (1973) J Bacteriol 114:577–591
Kuwabara T, Murata N (1982) Plant Cell Physiol 23:533–539
Kyte J, Doolittle RF (1982) J Mol Biol 157:105–132
Ljungberg U, Åkerlund HE, Larsson C, Andersson B (1984) Biochim Biophys Acta, in press
Marinetti TD, Okamura MY, Feher G (1979) Biochemistry 18:3126–3133
Maxam AM, Gilbert W (1980) In: Grossman L, Moldave K (eds) Methods in enzymology, vol 65. Academic Press, New York, pp 499–560
Morris J, Herrmann RG (1984) Nucleic Acids Res 12:2837–2850
Mullet JE, Arntzen CJ (1981) Biochim Biophys Acta 635:236–248
Nakatani HY (1983) In: Inoue Y, Crofts AR, Govindjee, Murata N, Renger G, Satoh K (eds) The oxygen evolving system of photosynthesis. Academic Press, Tokyo, pp 201–208
Nelson N, Notsani BE (1977) In: Packer L, Papageorgiou GC, Trebst A (eds) Bioenergetics of membranes. Elsevier, North Holland Press, Amsterdam, pp 233–244
Pfister K, Steinback KE, Gardner G, Arntzen CJ (1981) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 78:981–985
Rao JKM, Hargrave PA, Argos P (1983) FEBS Lett 156:165–169
Rochaix JD (1981) Experientia 37:323–340
Rochaix JD, Dron M, Rahire M, Malnoe P (1984) Plant Mol Biol, in press
Rosenberg M, Court DC (1979) Ann Rev Genet 13:319–353
Saraste M (1984) FEBS Lett 166:367–371
Satoh K, Nakatani HY, Steinback KE, Arntzen CJ (1983) Biochim Biophys Acta 724:142–152
Schwarz Z, Kössel H (1980) Nature 283:739–742
Shine J, Dalgarno L (1974) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 71:1342–1346
Staehelin LA, Arntzen CJ (1983) J Cell Biol 97:1327–1337
Stent GA (1964) Science (Wash) 144:816–820
Thomas PS (1980) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 77:5201–5205
Tinoco J, Borer PN, Dengler B, Levine MD, Uhlenbeck OC, Crothers DM, Gralla J (1973) Nature (New Biology 246:40–41
Tohdoh N, Sugiura M (1982) Gene 17:213–218
Westhoff P, Alt J, Herrmann RG (1983a) EMBO J 2:2229–2237
Westhoff P, Alt J, Nelson N, Bottomley W, Bünemann H, Herrmann RG (1983b) Plant Mol Biol 2:95–107
Westhoff P, Alt J, Widger WR, Cramer WA, Herrmann RG (1984) Plant Mol Biol, in press
Widger WR, Cramer WA, Herrmann RG, Trebst A (1984) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 81:674–678
Williams JC, Steiner LA, Ogden RC, Simon MI, Feher G (1983) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 80:6505–6509
Zurawski G, Perrot B, Bottomley W, Whitfeld PR (1981) Nucleic Acids Res 9:3251–3270
Zurawski G, Bohnert HJ, Whitfeld PR, Bottomley W (1982) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 79:7699–7703
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Alt, J., Morris, J., Westhoff, P. et al. Nucleotide sequence of the clustered genes for the 44 kd chlorophyll a apoprotein and the “32 kd”-like protein of the photosystem II reaction center in the spinach plastid chromosome. Curr Genet 8, 597–606 (1984). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00395705
Received:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00395705