Abstract
Leaf-specific thionins of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) have been identified as a novel class of cell-wall proteins toxic to plant-pathogenic fungi and possibly involved in the defence mechanism of plants. The distribution of these polypeptides has been studied in the host-pathogen system of barley and Erisyphe graminis DC.f.sp. hordei Marchal (powdery mildew). Immunogold-labelling of thionins in several barley cultivars indicates that resistance or susceptibility may be attributed to the presence or absence of thionins at the penetration site in walls and papillae of epidermal leaf cells.
All of the leaf-specific thionin genes are confined to the distal end of the short arm of chromosome 6 of barley. None of the genes for cultivarspecific resistance to powdery mildew which have previously been mapped on barley chromosomes are found close to this locus.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Aist, J.R. (1983) Structural responses as resistance mechanisms. In: The dynamics of host defence, pp. 33–70, Bailey, J.A., Deverall, B.J., eds. Academic Press, New York
Apel, K., Reimann-Philipp, U., Bohlmann, H., Behnke, S., Schrader, G. (1988) Leaf-specific thionins of barley—a novel class of cell wall proteins toxic to plant-pathogenic fungi: their possible function and subcellular localization in barley leaves. Curr. Top. Plant Biochem. Physiol. 7, 140–147
Benhamou, N., Oulette, G.B., Gardiner, R.B., Day, A.W., (1986) Immunocytochemical localization of antigen-binding sites in the cell surface of two ascomycete fungi using antibodies produced against fimbriae, from Ustilago violacea and Rhodotorula rubra. Can. J. Microbiol. 32, 871–883
Bohlmann, H., Apel, K. (1987) Isolation and characterization of cDNAs coding for leaf-specific thionins closely related to the endosperm-specific hordothionin of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Mol. Gen. Genet. 207, 446–454
Bohlmann, H., Clausen, S., Behnke, S., Giese, H., Hiller, C., Reimann-Philipp, U., Schrader, G., Barkholt, V., Apel, K. (1988) Leaf-specific thionins of barley. A novel class of cell wall proteins toxic to plant pathogenic fungi and possibly involved in the defence mechanism of plants. EMBO J. 7, 1559–1565
Casper, R., Meyer, S. (1981) Die Anwendung des ELISA-Verfahrens zum Nachweis pflanzenpathogener Viren. Nachrichtenbl. Dtsch. Pflanzenschutzdientes Braunschweig, 33, 49–54
Chao, S., Sharp, P.J., Gale, M.D. (1989) A linkage map of wheat homologous group 7 chromosomes using RFLP markers. In: Proc. Seventh Int. Wheat Genetics Symp., Cambridge, UK (in press)
Collinge, D.B., Slusarenko, A.J. (1987) Plant gene expression in response to pathogens. Plant Mol. Biol. 9, 389–410
Dehesh, K., Ryberg, M. (1985) The NADPH-protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase is the major protein constituent of prolamellar bodies in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Planta 164, 396–399
Ebrahim-Nesbat, F., Heitefuss, R., Rohringer, R. (1986) Ultrastructural and histochemical studies on mildew of barley (Erisyphe graminis DC.f.sp. hordei Marchal). IV. Characterization of papillac in fifth leaves exhibiting adult plant resistance. J. Phytopathol. 117, 288–300
Ellingboc, A.H. (1972) Genetics and physiology of primary infection by Erisyphe graminis. Phytopathology 62, 401–406
Ellingboe, A.H. (1981) Changing concepts in host-pathogen genetics. Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. 19, 125–143
Heitefuss, R., Ebrahim-Nesbat, F. (1986) Ultrastructural and histochemical studies on mildew of barley (Erisyphe graminis DC.f.sp. hordei Marchal). III. Ultrastructure of different types of papillae in susceptible and adult plant resistant leaves. J. Phytopathol. 116, 358–373
Hwang, B.K. (1981) Characterization of adult plant resistance of spring barley to powdery mildew (Erisyphe graminis f.sp. hordei). Ph.D. thesis, Universität Göttingen
Hwang, B.K., Heitefuss, R. (1982) Characterization of adult plant resistance of spring barley to powdery mildew (Erisyphe graminis f.sp. hordei). II. Infection process at different leaf stages. Phytopathol. Z. 104, 179–190
Kleinhofs, A., Chao, S., Sharp, P.J. (1989) Mapping of nitrate reductase genes in barley and wheat. In: Proc. Seventh Int. Wheat Genetics Symp. Cambridge, UK (in press)
Kosambi, D.D. (1944) The estimation of map distances from recombination values. Ann. Eugen. 12, 172–175
Laemmli, U.K. (1970) Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of the head of bacteriophage T4. Nature 227, 680–686
McKeen, W.E., Rimmer, S.R. (1973) Initial penetration process in powdery mildew infection of susceptible barley leaves. Phytopathology 63, 1049–1053
Nover, I., Bandlow, G. (1958) Mutationsversuche an Kulturpflanzen. VIII. Mehltauresistenz und ihre Genetik bei Wintergersten-Mutanten. Züchter 28, 184–189
Ordonez, M.T. (1981) Epidemiologische und cytologisch-histochemische Untersuchungen zum Verhalten von Sommergerste genenüber Mehltau (Erisyphe graminis DC.f.sp. hordei Marchal) unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Altersresistenz. Ph.D. thesis, Universität Göttingen
Reed, K.C., Mann, D.A. (1985) Rapid transfer, of DNA from agarose gels to nylon membrances. Nucleic Acids Res. 13, 7207–7221
Reimann-Phillipp, U., Behnke, S., Batschauer, A., Schäfer, E., Apel, K. (1989a) The effect of light on the biosynthesis of leaf-specific thionins in barley (Hordeum vulgare). Eur. J. Biochem. (in press)
Reimann-Philipp, U., Schrader, G., Martinoia, E., Barkholt, V., Apel, K. (1989b) Intracellular, thionins of barley — a second group of leaf thionins closely related to but distinct from cell wall-bound thionin. J. Biol. Chem. (in press)
Rohringer, R., Ebrahim-Nesbat, R., Heitefuss, R. (1982) Ultrastructural and histochemical studies on mildew of barley (Erisyphe graminis DC.f.sp. hordei Marchal). Phytopath. Z. 104, 325–336
Sequeira, L. (1983) Mechanisms of induced resistance in plants. Annu. Rev. Microbiol. 37, 51–59
Sharp, P.J., Kreis, M., Shewry, P.R., Gale, M.D. (1988) Location of β-amylase sequences in wheat and its relatives. Theor. Appl. Genet. 75, 286–290
Sogaard, B., v. Wettstein-Knowles, P. (1987) Barley: Genes and chromosomes. Carlsberg Res. Commun. 52, 123–196
Stolzenburg, C., Aist, J.R., Israel, H.W. (1984a) The role of papillae in resistance to powdery mildew conditioned by the ml-o gene in barley. I. Correlative evidence. Physiol. Plant Pathol. 25, 337–346
Stolzenburg, C., Aist, J.R., Israel, H.W. (1984b) The role of papillae in resistance to powdery mildew conditioned by the ml-o gene in barley. II. Experimental evidence. Physiol. Plant Pathol. 25, 347–361
Suiter, K.A., Wendel, J.F., Case, J.S. (1983) Linkage-1: a PASCAL computer program for the detection and analysis of genetic linkage. J. Heredity 74, 203–204
Suiter, K.A., Wendel, J.F., Case, J.S. (1987) Linkage-1 version 3.50. User's manual for Apple Macintosh
Towbin, M., Staehelin, T., Gordon, J. (1979) Electrophoretic transfer of proteins from polyacrylamide gels to nitrocellulose sheets; procedures and some applications. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 76, 4350–4354
Wiberg, A. (1974) Sources of resistance to powdery mildew in barley. Hereditas 78, 1–40
Wright, A.J., Heale, J.B. (1984) Adult plant resistance to powdery mildew (Erisyphe graminis) in three barley cultivars. Plant Pathol. 33, 493–502
Zeyen, R.J., Bushnell, W.R. (1979) Papilla response of barley epidermal cells caused by Erisyphe graminis: rate and method of deposition determined by microcrinematography and transmission electron microscopy. Can. J. Bot. 57, 898–913
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Ebrahim-Nesbat, F., Behnke, S., Kleinhofs, A. et al. Cultivar-related differences in the distribution of cell-wall-bound thionins in compatible and incompatible interactions between barley and powdery mildew. Planta 179, 203–210 (1989). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00393690
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00393690