Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Interactions between magnesium ions, pH, glucose-6-phosphate, and NADPH/NADP+ ratios in the modulation of chloroplast glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in vitro

  • Published:
Planta Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.49) from spinach chloroplasts is strongly affected by interactions between Mg2+, proton, and substrate concentrations. Mg2+ activates the enzyme to different degrees; however, it is not essential for enzyme activity. The Mg2+-dependent activation follows a maximum curve, magnitude and position of the maximum being dependent on pH and NADPH/NADP+ ratios. At a ratio of zero and pH 7.2, maximum activity is observed at 10 mM Mg2+. Increasing the NADPH/NADP+ ratio up to 1.7 (a ratio measured in the stroma during a light period), maximum activity is shifted to much lower Mg2+ concentrations. At pH 8.2 (corresponding to the pH of the stroma in the light) and at a high NADPH/NADP+ ratio, enzyme activity is not affected by the Mg2+ ion. The results are discussed in relation to dark-light-dark regulation of the oxidative pentose phosphate cycle in spinach chloroplasts.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

Abbreviations

DTT:

dithiothreitol

G-6-P:

glucose-6-phosphate

G-6-PDH:

glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.49)

PPC:

pentose phosphate cycle

References

  • Anderson, L.E., Ng, T.C.L., Park, K.E.Y.: Inactivation of pea leaf chloroplastic and cytoplasmic glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase by light and dithiothreitol. Plant Physiol 53, 835–839 (1974)

    Google Scholar 

  • Baier, D., Latzko, E.: Properties and regulation of C-1-fructose-1,6-diphosphatase from spinach chloroplasts. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 396, 141–148 (1975)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Barber, J., Mills, J., Nicolson, J.: Studies with cation specific ionophores show that within the intact chloroplast Mg2+ acts as the main exchange cation for H+ pumping. FEBS Lett. 49, 106–110 (1974)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bassham, J.A., Levine, G., Forger, J.: Photosynthesis in vitro. Plant Sci. Lett. 2, 15–21 (1974)

    Google Scholar 

  • Champigny, M.L., Bismuth, E.: Role of photosynthetic electron transfer in light activation of Calvin cycle enzymes. Physiol. Plant. 36, 95–100 (1976)

    Google Scholar 

  • Elstner, E.F., Wildner, G.F., Heupel, A.: Oxygen activation by isolated chloroplasts from Euglena gracilis. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 173, 623–630 (1976)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Heber, U., Hudson, M.A., Hallier, U.W.: Lokalisation von Enzymen des reduktiven und dem oxydativen Pentosephosphatzyklus in den Chloroplasten und Permeabilität der Chloroplasten-Membranen gegenüber Metaboliten. Z. Naturfschg. 22b, 1200–1215 (1967)

    Google Scholar 

  • Heber, U., Santarius, K.A.: Direct and indirect transport of ATP and ADP across the chloroplast envelope. Z. Naturfschg. 25b, 718–728 (1970)

    Google Scholar 

  • Heber, U.: Stoichiometry of reduction and phosphorylation during illumination of intact chloroplasts. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 305, 140–152 (1973)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Heldt, H.W., Werdan, K., Milovancev, M., Geller, G.: Alkalization of the chloroplast stroma caused by light-dependent proton flux into the thylakoid space. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 314, 224–241 (1973)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Helfferich, F.: Ion exchange. New York-San Francisco-Torronto: McGraw-Hill 1962

    Google Scholar 

  • Hind, G., Nakatani, H.Y., Izawa, S.: Light-dependent redistribution of ions in suspensions of chloroplast thylakoid membranes. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 71, 1484–1488 (1974)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jensen, R.G., Bassham, J.A.: Photosynthesis in isolated chloroplasts. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 56, 1095–1101 (1966)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Johnson, H.S.: Dithiothreitol: An inhibitor of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity in leaf extracts and isolated chloroplasts. Planta 106, 273–277 (1972)

    Google Scholar 

  • Katchalsky, A.: Problems in the physical chemistry of polyelectrolytes. J. Polym. Sci. 22, 159–184 (1954)

    Google Scholar 

  • Krause, G.H., Bassham, J.A.: Induction of respiratory metabolism in illuminated Chlorella pyrenoidosa and isolated spinach chloroplasts by the addition of vitamin K5. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 172, 553–565 (1969)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Krause, G.H.: Light-induced movement of magnesium ions in intact chloroplasts. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 460, 500–510 (1977)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Latzko, E., Garnier, R.V., Gibbs, M.: Effect of photosynthesis, photosynthetic inhibitors and oxygen on the activity of ribulose-5-phosphate kinase. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm. 39, 1140–1144 (1970)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lendzian, K.J., Ziegler, H.: Über die Regulation der Glucose-6-phosphate-Dehydrogenase in Spinatchloroplasten durch Licht. Planta 94, 27–36 (1970)

    Google Scholar 

  • Lendzian, K.J., Ziegler, H.: Effect of light on glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in spinach chloroplasts. In: Proc. IInd Intern. Congr. Photosyn. Res., Vol. 3, pp. 1831–1838, Forti, G., Avron, M., Melandri, A., eds. The Hague: Junk 1972

    Google Scholar 

  • Lendzian, K.J.: Die Wirkung des Lichtes auf die Aktivität der Glucose-6-phosphat-Dehydrogenase in isolierten Spinatchloroplasten. Doctor thesis, Technical University Munich, 1973

  • Lendzian, K.J., Bassham, J.A.: Regulation of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in spinach chloroplasts by ribulose-1,5-diphosphate and NADPH/NADP+ ratios. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 396, 260–275 (1975)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lin, D.C., Nobel, P.S.: Control of photosynthesis by Mg2+. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 146, 622–632 (1971)

    Google Scholar 

  • Lorimer, G.H., Badger, M.R., Andrews, T.J.: The activation of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase by carbon dioxide and magnesium ions. Biochem. 15, 529–536 (1976)

    Google Scholar 

  • Pedersen, T.A., Kirk, M., Bassham, J.A.: Light-dark transients in levels of intermediate compounds during photosynthesis in air-adapted Chlorella. Physiol. Plant. 19, 219–231 (1966)

    Google Scholar 

  • Portis, A.R., Heldt, H.W.: Light-dependent changes of the Mg2+ concentration in the stroma in relation to the Mg2+ dependency of CO2 fixation in intact chloroplasts. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 449, 434–446 (1976)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Portis, A.R., Chon, C.J., Mosbach, A., Heldt, H.W.: Fructose- and sedoheptulosebisphosphatase. The sites of a possible control of CO2 fixation by light-dependent changes of the stromal Mg2+ concentration. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 461, 313–325 (1977)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schnarrenberger, C., Oeser, A., Tolbert, N.E.: Two isoenzymes each of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase in spinach leaves. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 154, 438–448 (1973)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Vernon, L.P.: Spectrophotometric determination of chlorophylls and pheophytins in plant extracts. Anal. Chem. 32, 1144–1150 (1960)

    Google Scholar 

  • Timasheff, S.N.: Polyelectrolyte properties of globular proteins. In: Biological macromolecules, Vol. 3, pp. 1–64, Timasheff, S.N., Fasman, G.D., eds., New York: M. Dekker 1970

    Google Scholar 

  • Walker, D.A.: Photosynthetic induction phenomena and the light activation of ribulose diphosphate carboxylase. New Phytol. 72, 209–235 (1973)

    Google Scholar 

  • Wildner, G.F.: The regulation of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in chloroplasts. Z. Naturfschg. 30c, 756–760 (1975)

    Google Scholar 

  • Wolosiuk, R.A., Buchanan, B.B.: Thioredoxin and glutathione regulate photosynthesis in chloroplasts. Nature 266, 565–567 (1977)

    Google Scholar 

  • Ziegler, H., Ziegler, I.: Der Einfluß der Belichtung auf die NADP+-abhängige Glycerinaldehyd-3-phosphat-Dehydrogenase. Planta 65, 369–380 (1965)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institut für Botanik und Mikrobiologie, Lehrstuhl für Botanik, Technische Universität, Arcisstr. 21, D-8000, München 2, Federal Republic of Germany

    K. J. Lendzian

Authors
  1. K. J. Lendzian
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Lendzian, K.J. Interactions between magnesium ions, pH, glucose-6-phosphate, and NADPH/NADP+ ratios in the modulation of chloroplast glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in vitro. Planta 141, 105–110 (1978). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00387751

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00387751

Key words

Search

Navigation