Skip to main content
Log in

Endorsement of managers following accusations of breaches in confidentiality

  • Published:
Journal of Business Ethics Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Two related studies focused on the effects that a questionable supervisory conduct has on the endorsement and vulnerability of the supervisor, as well as on judgments of supervisory morality. Male and female undergraduate and graduate business students were asked to read the account of a personnel manager who violates employee confidentiality concerning certain personality test results, but who has had a previous record of increasing or decreasing productivity. The studies revealed varying patterns of leadership endorsement, vulnerability, and judgments of morality following this questionable or unethical conduct as a result of the personnel's manager's record and the subjects' sex.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Alvarez, R.: 1968, ‘Informal Reactions to Deviance in Simulated Work Organizations: A Laboratory Experiment’, American Sociological Review 33, 895–912.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barnard, C. I.: 1938, The Functions of the Executive, Cambridge: Harvard University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Baum, J.: 1974, Ethics as a Behavioral Science, Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas.

    Google Scholar 

  • Baumhart, R. C.: 1961, ‘How Ethical Are Businessmen?’, Harvard Business Review 39(4), 6–8.

    Google Scholar 

  • Beltramini, R. F., Peterson, R. A., and Kozmetsky, G.: 1984, ‘Concerns of College Students Regarding Business Ethics’, Journal of Business Ethics 3, 195–200.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brabeck, M.: 1983, ‘Moral Judgment: Theory and Research on Differences between Males and Females’, Developmental Review 3, 274–291.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brenner, S. N. and Molander, E. A.: 1977, ‘Is the Ethics of Business Changing?’, Harvard Business Review 55(1), 57–71.

    Google Scholar 

  • Deaux, K.: 1984, ‘From Individual Differences to Social Categories’, American Psychologist 32(9), 105–116.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fishbein, M. and Ajzen, I.: 1975, Belief, Attitude, Intention, and Behavior: An Introduction to Theory and Research, Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gibbs, J. C., Arnold, K. D., and Burkhart, J. E.: 1984, ‘Sex Differences in the Expression of Moral Judgment’, Child Development 55, 1040–1043.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gilligan, C.: 1982, In a Different Voice: Psychological Theory and Women's Development, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Haan, N.: 1975, ‘Hypothetical and Actual Moral Reasoning in a Situation of Civil Disobedience’, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 32, 255–270.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hollander, E. P. and Julian, J. W.: 1970, ‘Studies in Leader Legitimacy, Influence, and Innovation’, in L. Berkowitz (ed.), Advances in Experimental Social Psychology (Vol. 5). New York: Academic.

    Google Scholar 

  • Julian, J. W., Hollander, E. P., and Regula, C. R.: 1969, ‘Endorsement of the Group Spokesman as a Function of His Source of Authority, Competence, and Success’, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 11, 42–49.

    Google Scholar 

  • Malinowski, C. I. and Smith, C. P.: 1985, ‘Moral Reasoning and Moral Conduct: An Investigation Prompted by Kohlberg's Theory’, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 49, 1016–1027.

    Google Scholar 

  • Michener, H. A. and Burt, M. R.: 1972, ‘Legitimacy as a Base of Social Power’, in J. Tedeschi (ed.), The Social Influence Processes, Chicago: Aldine.

    Google Scholar 

  • Michener, H. A. and Burt, M. R.: 1975, ‘Components of “Authority” as Determinants of Compliance’, Journal of Personnel Psychology 31, 606–614.

    Google Scholar 

  • Michener, H. A. and Lawler, E. J.: 1975, ‘The Endorsement of Formal Leaders: An Integrative Model’, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 31, 216–223.

    Google Scholar 

  • Newstrom, J. and Ruch: 1976, ‘Managerial Values Underlying Intraorganizational Ethics’, Atlanta Economic Review, May–June, 12–18.

  • Posner, B. Z. and Munson, J. M.: 1981, ‘Gender Differences in Managerial Values’, Psychological Reports 49, 867–881.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rest, J. R.: 1984, ‘The Major Components of Morality’, in W. M. Kurtines and J. L. Gewitz (eds.), Morality, Moral Behavior, and Moral Development, New York: John Wiley & Sons.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stevens, G. E.: 1983, ‘The Congruence of Business Ethics between Male and Female Managers’, Proceedings of the Southwest Division of the Academy of Management, 308–312.

  • Suchner, R. W.: 1972, Status Endorsement as a Function of Perceived Competence and Conformity of Leaders in Successful and Unsuccessful Groups, unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Wisconsin.

  • Terborg, J. R.: 1977, ‘Women in Management: A Research Review’, Journal of Applied Psychology 62, 647–664.

    Google Scholar 

  • Thompson, M. E.: 1981, ‘Sex Differences: Differential Access to Power or Sex-Role Socialization?’, Sex Roles 7, 413–424.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Trevino, L. K.: 1986, ‘Ethical Decision Making in Organizations: A Person-Situation Interactionist Model’, Academy of Management Review 11(3), 601–617.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wahrman, R. and Pugh, M. D.: 1972, ‘Competence and Conformity: Another Look at Hollander's Study’, Sociometry 35, 376–386.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wiggins, J. A., Dill, F., and Schwartz, R. D.: 1965, ‘On “Status Liability”’, Sociometry 28, 197–208.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Additional information

Robert Augustine Giacalone, Professor of Management at the University of Southwestern Louisiana, received his B.S. from Hofstra University and his Ph.D. from SUNY at Albany. Dr. Giacalone was the 1985 recipient of the Outstanding Young Men in America Award. His research interests include organizational social influence strategies and business ethics. Dr. Giacalone is the editor of Impression Management in the Organization (Lawrence Erlbaum Publishers).

Paul Rosenfeld (Ph.D., SUNY Albany) is a Personnel Research Psychologist at the Navy Personnel Research and Development Center in San Diego, CA. Dr. Rosenfeld is currently conducting research on computerized organizational surveys.

Stephen L. Payne is a Professor of Management at the University of Southwestern Louisiana. His primary research interests include business ethics, employee theft, and management education. Previous articles by Dr. Payne have appeared in this journal and others including The Academy of Management Review, Personnel Administrator, The Organizational Behavior Teaching Review, and Business and Society Review.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Giacalone, R., Payne, S.L. & Rosenfeld, P. Endorsement of managers following accusations of breaches in confidentiality. J Bus Ethics 7, 621–629 (1988). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00382796

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00382796

Keywords

Navigation