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Investigation of brachial plexus injuries by intraoperative cortical somatosensory evoked potentials

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Summary

With the intention of estimating the extent and site of damage in brachial plexus injuries which involve close to the root outlet and also the distal portion, cortical somatosensory evoked potentials (SEP) were recorded in 21 patients by directly stimulating the exposed brachial plexus. In 38 avulsed nerve roots which showed positive sensory action potentials (SNAP)/nerve action potentials (NAP) in their peripheral part, 15 roots (nine patients) were apparently in continuity and confirmed as root avulsion injury by the absence of cortical SEP. However, 11 roots (ten patients) which showed neither SNAP nor SEP would suggest either extensive lesions involving root and more distal segment or a combination of root avulsion and postganglionic injury. Fourteen patients who showed a positive Tinel's sign had at least one root with a postganglionic type lesion, but cortical SEP evoked by stimulation of the most proximal root zone sometimes revealed a reduced amplitude and prolonged latency. This would indicate the retrograde extension of damage. To confirm the extent and degree of the nerve lesions in brachial plexus injuries, an intraoperative SEP and NAP recording is very useful, practical, and also indispensable.

Zusammenfassung

Zur Schätzung des Grades und der Lokalisation der Armplexusverletzungen, die entweder in der Nähe des Austrittspunkts der Nervenwurzel oder weiter distal stattfand, waren die mit einer somatosensorischen Reizung erregten Hirnrindenaktions-potentiale abgeleitet und aufgezeichnet wurden. Anhand der 21 Patienten wurden die Armgeflechte ausgesetzt und direkt elektrisch stimuliert. Unter 38 ausgerissenen Nervenwurzeln, die positives sensorisches Aktionspotential in ihren peripheren Teilen zeigten, waren 15 Wurzeln (neun Patienten) scheinbar in Kontinuität, wurden jedoch wegen der Negativität des sensorisch erregten Rindenpotentials als Wurzelausriß-typverletzung bestimmt. Im Gegenteil, 11 Nervenwurzeln (zehn Patienten), die weder somatosensorisches Rindenaktionspotential noch sensorisches Nervenaktionspotential zeigten, würden entweder ausgedehnte Schädigungen an der Wurzel und mehr distalen Teilen oder eine Kombination von Wurzelausriß und postganglionischer Läsion vermuten lassen. Vierzehn Patienten, die ein positives Tinelsches Zeichen zeigten, hatten mindestens eine Wurzel mit einer postganglionischen Verletzung, oder ihr durch die Reizung der extrem proximalen Wurzel erregtes Rindenaktionspotential zeigte öfters eine reduzierte Schwingungsweite und eine Verzögerung der Latenzzeit. Dies würde auf eine retrograde Extension der Läsion hinweisen. Die intraoperative somatosensorische Rindenpotentialsleitung ist ein sehr wertvolles, praktisches und auch unentbehrliches Verfahren, um den Grad und die Lokalisation der Armplexusverletzungen zu bestimmen.

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Sugioka, H., Tsuyama, N., Hara, T. et al. Investigation of brachial plexus injuries by intraoperative cortical somatosensory evoked potentials. Arch. Orth. Traum. Surg. 99, 143–151 (1982). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00379201

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