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Nd and Sr isotopic systematics of central Australian granulites: chronology of crustal development and constraints on the evolution of lower continental crust

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Abstract

Nd and Sr isotopic data are reported for a granulite terrain in the Proterozoic Arunta Block of Central Australia. Sm-Nd data from a wide range of rock types define a crust formation age of 2,070±125 Ma and provide further evidence for voluminous crustal growth in the Proterozoic. An ɛ Nd value of +1.5±0.8 indicates a depleted mantle source for this crustal segment and there is no evidence for a large component of significantly older sialic crust. Field relationships, geochemistry and Rb-Sr data for mafic and felsic granulites indicate that intracrustal differentiation and polyphase deformation were followed by granulite facies metamorphism (Rb depletion) at ∼1,800 Ma. Rb-Sr data for strongly retrogressed granulites define an age of ∼1,700 Ma which is interpreted as the time of retrograde biotite growth. Partial melting at the presently exposed crustal level and anatexis at deeper crustal levels were broadly coeval with the retrograde metamorphism. Sm-Nd and Rb-Sr isotopic systematics of minerals indicate that the terrain cooled slowly, did not experience significant uplift until ∼1,000 Ma and remained at temperatures above 320° C until the late Palaeozoic. The mineral data are consistent with geological relationships and petrological evidence for a prolonged period of isobaric cooling followed by uplift late in the metamorphic evolution of the terrain. The granulite protoliths appear to have formed in a rift which closed within ∼280 Ma of initial separation. Deformation and granulite facies metamorphism at ∼1,800 Ma are interpreted to be a consequence of collision between the continental blocks which defined the rift. Regional retrogression and granitoid magmatism at ∼1,700 Ma are attributed to underthrusting of the granulites by lower grade rocks in the final stages of collision. Subsequent events in the cooling and uplift history appear to have been controlled by the presence of long-lived major faults in the crust and a prolonged history of episodic compression in the continental lithosphere. The results of this study suggest that granulite terrains, in general, cannot be equated with lower continental crust but instead represent assemblages of (mainly) supracrustal rocks which in some instances have been involved in major collision events.

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Abbreviations

Opx :

orthopyroxene

Cpx :

clinopyroxene

Plag :

plagioclase

Hb :

hornblende

Ox :

opaque oxide

Bi :

biotite

Ap :

apatite

Zir :

zircon

Gt :

garnet

2°CA :

secondary clinoamphibole

Qtz :

quartz

Ol :

olivine

Sp :

spinel

Se :

serpentine

Ep :

epidote

Kf :

alkali feldspar

Mz :

monazite

Sph :

sphene

Sill :

sillimanite

Rut :

rutile

Cd :

cordierite

Sphal :

sphalerite

Ms :

muscovite

Act :

actinolite

Cc :

calcite

Scap :

scapolite

Cor :

corundum

Xen :

xenotime

Sapph :

sapphirine

Ged :

gedrite

All :

allanite

Clh :

clinohumite

Dol :

dolomite

Mt :

magnetite

Ghn :

gahnite

Gal :

galena

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. BHP Minerals Exploration Department, P.O. Box 860, 5067, Norwood, S.A., Australia

    Dónal P. Windrim

  2. Research School of Earth Sciences, The Australian National University, 2601, Canberra, A.C.T., Australia

    Malcolm T. McCulloch

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Windrim, D.P., McCulloch, M.T. Nd and Sr isotopic systematics of central Australian granulites: chronology of crustal development and constraints on the evolution of lower continental crust. Contr. Mineral. and Petrol. 94, 289–303 (1986). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00371438

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