Nuclear ion channels in cardiac myocytes

Abstract

The paradigm that nucleocytoplasmic transport of ions occurs without a diffusional barrier has been challenged by the recent demonstration with patch-clamp techniques of the existence of ion channels in the nuclear envelope of murine zygotes and hepatocytes. This report demonstrates the existence of nuclear ion channels (NIC) in murine ventricular cardiac myocytes. NIC conductance (γ), calculated from current histogram peaks, was 106–532 pS at 22–36°C. In nucleus-attached patches, replacement of cytoplasmic K⁺ with Na⁺ reduced NIC activity within 30 s, suggesting that intranuclear-delimited mechanisms mediate this phenomenon. In excised, inside-out patches K⁺ was as permeable as Na⁺ through NIC. NIC activity was observed in 0–4 mM Mg²⁺ and/or ATP²⁻, with or without 0–1 mM Ca²⁺, indicating a minor direct role of these ions. However, in non-responsive excised inside-out patches, NIC activity appeared when the catalytic subunit of the cAMP-dependent protein kinase was applied to the nucleoplasmic side of the patch, in the presence of Mg²⁺ and ATP²⁻, indicating an important role for phosphorylation-dependent process(es) in NIC function — an observation supported by the depressing effects of protein kinase inhibitor on responsive NIC. The concept that nucleopore complexes are solely responsible for nucleocytoplamic transport leads to the speculation that these structures are the physical substrate for NIC.