Abstract
Static torsion tests of poly(methyl methacrylate) were conducted in several alcohol environments at room temperature. The critical torsional stress for crazing and/or cracking increased with increasing molar volume of alcohol, and was not correlated with the solubility parameter, nor with equilibrium solubility as reported in previous results on n-alkanes. Crazing stresses in alcohols were generally lower than those in alkanes. According to Fourier transform-infrared microscopy of the surface scratch made in several environments, both in ethanol and in 1 -butanol, some absorptions were detected at 3450–3650 cm−1, probably due to the hydroxyl group of these alcohols caught by hydrogen bonding to oxygen of the carbonyl group in the side chain, whereas in other environments (1 -octanol, n-hexane, and air) there were no absorptions in this region of wave number. These results suggest that at a flaw tip strained under stress, penetrating alcohol molecules are chemically adsorbed in a cluster, which breaks a weak bond (e.g. dipole interaction) between the polymer chains and, as a result, facilitates craze formation and breakdown leading to brittle fracture.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
R. P. Kambour, J. Polym. Sci. Macromol. Rev. 7 (1973) 1.
E. J. Kramer, in “Developments in Polymer Fracture”, edited by E. H. Andrews (Applied Science, London, 1979) p. 55.
R. P. Kambour, E. E. Romagosa and C. L. Gruner, Macromolecules 5 (1972) 335.
R. P. Kambour, C. L. Gruner and E. E. Romagosa, J. Polym. Sci. Polym. Phys. Ed. 11 (1973) 1879.
P. I. Vincent and S. Raha, Polymer 13 (1972) 283.
C. H. M. Jacques and M. G. Wyzgoski, J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 23 (1979) 1153.
Y. W. Mai, J. Mater. Sci. 21 (1986) 904.
M. Kawagoe and M. Kitagawa, 22 (1987) 3000.
P. J. Flory, J. Chem. Phys. 9 (1941) 660.
M. Kawagoe and M. Kitagawa, J. Mater. Sci. 25 (1990) 1043.
M. Kawagoe and M. Morita,, 28 (1993) 2347.
P. Dunn and G. F. Sansom, J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 13 (1969) 1657.
R. P. Burford and D. R. G. Williams, J. Mater. Sci. 14 (1979) 2881.
M. G. Wyzgoski and G. E. Novak, 22 (1987) 1715.
T. A. Michalske and S. W. Freiman, Nature 295 (1982) 511.
T. A. Michalske and S. W. Freiman, J. Appl. Phys. 56 (1984) 2986.
T. Asahara, N. Tokura, M. Ookawara, J. Kumanotani and S. Senoo (eds.), in “Yozai Handbook” (Kodansha, Tokyo, 1976) (in Japanese).
A. F. M. Barton, Chem. Rev. 75 (1975) 731.
E. G. Shafrin, in “Polymer Handbook”, edited by J. Brandrup and H. Immergut (Interscience, New York, 1966) III, p. 221.
K. Hirao and M. Tomozawa, J. Amer. Ceram. Soc. 70 (1987) 497.
N. L. Thomas and A. H. Windle, Polymer 22 (1981) 627.
M. Kawagoe and S. Nunomoto, 32 (1991) 3130.
E. H. Andrews, G. M. Levy and J. Willis, J. Mater. Sci. 8 (1973) 1000.
N. K. Kai (ed.), “Kagaku Binran” (Maruzen, Tokyo, 1975) p. 1320 (in Japanese).
K. Mizutani, Y. Tanaka, M. Ido and M. Tanisaki, J. Soc. Mater. Sci. Jpn 32 (1983) 1102 (in Japanese).
M. Kawagoe and M. Kitagawa, J. Mater. Sci. 23 (1988) 3927.
J. Shen, C. C. Chen and J. A. Sauer, Polymer 26 (1985) 511.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Kawagoe, M., Morita, M. Fracture mechanisms of poly(methyl methacrylate) under static torsion in alcohol environments. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE 29, 6041–6046 (1994). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00366891
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00366891