Abstract
Intergranular mass transport in materials plays an important role in successful bonding of particles, and controls the material's properties. This results from the processing conditions including the intergranular mass transport and interfacial reactions. The model of liquid mass transport of metals, molten salts, silicates, and molecular liquids, in capillary-like media is discussed. The model concentrates on the role of surface tension-to-viscosity ratio, γ/η, and volume diffusion on the liquid flow in fine pores with diameters comparable to the liquid phase above its critical thickness. We have found the following relation between two parameters: D cap=(y/η)Lα, where α and L are a specific permeability and the mean diffusive jump length of atoms/ions/molecules, respectively. The specific permeability is related to the hydraulic permeability, taken from Darcy's law, and depends on capillary radius and liquid/solid contact angle. It is demonstrated that the specific permeability depends on the interfacial reactions and heterogeneity of the system. The mass transport in liquid layers seems to be initiated by atoms with low interatomic distances (low atomic radii) in liquid metals or by the high non-bridging oxygen content in aluminosilicate melts.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
J. Frenkel, J. Phys. 9 (1945) 385.
J. W. Nowok, Scripta Metall. Mater. 29 (1993) 931.
Idem, Acta Metall. Mater. 42 (1994) 4025.
Idem, J. Mater. Res. 10 (1995) 401.
P. C. Hess, J. Geoph. Res. 99 (1994) 7219.
J. N. Israelachvili, P. McGuiggan, M. Gee, A. Homola, M. Robbins and P. Thomson, J. Phys. Condens. Matter 2 (1990) SA89.
J. N. Israelachvili, Surf. Sci. Rep. 14 (1992) 109.
T. K. Chaki, Philos. Mag. 62 (1990) 465.
R. A. Fournelle, Mater. Sci. Eng. A138 (1991) 133.
M. D. Vaudin, J. E. Blendell and C. A. Handwerker, in “Structure and Property Relationships for Interfaces”, edited by J. L. Walter, A. H. King and K. Tangri (ASM, 1991) p. 329.
R. Defay and G. Pétré, in “Surface and Colloid Science”, edited by E. Matijeviċ (Wiley, New York, 1971) p. 28.
D. J. Stevenson, Geophys. Res. Lett. 13 (1986) 1149.
F. F. Lange, J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 65 (1982) C-33.
V. Smolej, ibid. 66 (1983) C-33.
R. M. German, ibid. 69 (1986) C-40.
P. L. Vitagliano, L. Ambrosone and V. Vitagliano, J. Phys. Chem. 96 (1992) 1431.
Y. Zhang, D. Walker and C. E. Lesher, Contr. Mineral. Petrol. 102 (1989) 492.
R. E. Loehman and A. P. Tomsia, Ceram. Bull. 67 (1988) 375.
H. Wakabayashi and Y. Oishi, J. Chem. Phys. 68 (1978) 2046.
S. Chakraborty, D. B. Dingwell and D. C. Rubie, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 59 (1995) 255.
Po-Zen Wong, MRS Bull. 19 (1994) 32.
A. W. Adamson, “Physical Chemistry of Surfaces” (Wiley, New York, 1967).
J. H. Simmons, R. K. Mohr and C. J. Montrose, J. Appl. Phys. 53 (1982) 4075.
G. Camera-Roda and G. C. Sarti, AIChE J. 36 (1990) 851.
D. Turnbull and M. H. Cohen, J. Chem. Phys. 34 (1961) 120.
Idem, ibid. 52 (1970) 3038.
D. Turnbull, in “Liquid: Structure, Properties, Solid Interactions”, edited by T. J. Hughel (Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1965) p. 6.
A. Van den Beukel and J. Sietsma, Mater. Sci. Eng. A179/A180 (1994) 86.
H. Eyring and M. S. Jhon, “Significant Liquid Structures” (Wiley, New York, 1969) p. 91.
F. M. Miller, “Chemistry and Dynamics” (McGraw-Hill, 1984) p. 176.
H. Bloom and J. M. Bockris, in “Structural Aspects of Ionic Liquids”, edited by B. R. Sundheim (McGraw-Hill, New York, 1964) p. 1.
G. J. Janz and R. P. T. Tomkins, “Molten Salts”, Vol. 5, Part 2, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data 12 (3) (1983).
B. R. Sundheim, (ed.) “Fused Salts” (McGraw-Hill, New York, 1964) p. 165.
N. E. Cusack, “The Physics of Structurally Disordered Matter” (Adam Hilger, Bristol, 1987).
N. P. Bansal and R. H. Doremus, “Handbook of Glass Properties” (Academic Press, Orlando, FL, 1986) p. 101.
M. P. Ryan and J. Y. K. Blevis, “Viscosity of Synthetic and Natural Silicate Melts and Glasses at High Temperatures and 1 bar Pressure”, US Geological Servey Bulletin (1987) p. 1764.
N. F. Mott, Philos. Mag. B56 (1987) 257.
L. Ferrari, N. F. Mott and G. Russo, ibid. 59 (1989) 263.
S. B. Liu, J. E. Stebbins, E. Schneider and A. Pines, Geochim. Cosmoch. Acta 52 (1988) 527.
T. Dunn, ibid. 46 (1982) 2293.
T. Dunn, in “Silicate Melts”, edited by C. M. Scarfe, Short Course Handbook, Vol. 12 (Mineralogical Association of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, 1986) p. 57.
H. A. Schaffer, J. Non-Cryst. Solids 67 (1984) 19.
S. Chakraborty, Reviews in Mineralogy 32 (1995) 411.
R. C. Weast (ed.) “CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics” (CRC Press Inc., Boca Raton, FL, 1987) p. F35.
T. Uchino, T. Sakka, Y. Ogata and M. Wasaki, J. Phys. Chem. 97 (1993) 9642.
J. W. Nowok, J. P. Hurley and J. A. Bieber, J. Mater. Sci. 30 (1995) 361.
Y. Waseda, in “Liquid Metals”, edited by E. Evans and D. A. Greenwood (The Institute of Physics, Bristol, 1977) p. 230.
R. L. McGreevy, Solid State Phys. 40 (1987) 247.
C. Honeisel, “Theoretical Treatment of Liquids and Liquid Mixtures” (Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1993) p. 226.
A. Passerone and N. Eustathopolous, Acta Metall. 30 (1982) 1349.
A. P. Tomsia and J. A. Pask, in “Ceramics and Glasses” Vol. 4, edited by S. J. Schneider (ASM International, 1991) pp. 493 and 482.
R. Sinclair, D. H. Ko, T. J. Konno and T. P. Nolan, Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. 238 (1992) 269.
C. A. Handwerker, J. W. Cahn and J. R. Manning, Mater. Sci. Eng. A126 (1990) 173.
A. L. Greer, ibid. A134 (1991) 1268.
D. N. Yoon and W. J. Huppmann, Acta Metall. 27 (1979) 973.
F. Spaepen, Solid State Phys. 47 (1994) 1.
A. Navrotsky, Rev. Mineral. 17 (1987) 35.
G. Adams and J. H. Gibbs, J. Phys. Chem. 43 (1965) 139.
J. W. Cahn, Acta Metall. 28 (1980) 1333.
J. W. Cahn and J. E. Taylor, Acta Metall. Mater. 42 (1994) 1045.
P. Richet and O. R. Neuville, in “Thermodynamic Data, Systematics and Estimation”, edited by S. K. Saxena (Springer, New York, 1992) p. 132.
S. Chakraborty, D. B. Dingwell and D. C. Rubie, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 59 (1995) 265.
J. F. Stebbins, I. Farnan and X. Xue, Chem. Geol. 96 (1992) 371.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Nowok, J.W. Transport properties of liquid phase in capillary-like media and its application to sintering of metallic and ceramic powders. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE 31, 5169–5177 (1996). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00355921
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00355921