Summary
The postembryonic development of the morphology and anatomy of the complex tibial organ in the foreleg of the bushcricket Ephippiger ephippiger is described. All the receptor cells are present in the subgenual organ, the intermediate organ and the crista acustica in the 1st larval instar. Generally, even in the 1st instar, the arrangement of the scolopidia in the three organs resembles the adult structure. The acoustic trachea, the tympana, the tympanal covers and the acoustic spiracle develop step by step in subsequent instars. The acoustic trachea resembles the adult structure for the first time in the 4th instar, although its volume is still small. The auditory threshold curves recorded from the tympanal nerve in instars 4, 5 and 6 show the same frequency maxima as those in the adult. The overall sensitivity significantly increases after the final moult. The dimensions of structures that lie within the crista acustica and that are probably involved in stimulus transduction and in frequency tuning have been analysed. The dorsal wall of the anterior trachea, the tectorial membrane and the cap cells have similar dimensions, especially in the last three instars and in adults.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Adelung N von (1892) Beiträge zur Kenntnis des tibialen Gehörapparates der Locustiden. Z Wiss Zool 54:316–349
Autrum HJ (1941) Über den Gehör- und Erschütterungssinn bei Locustiden. Z Vergl Physiol 28:580–637
Autrum HJ, Schneider W (1948) Vergleichende Untersuchungen über Erschütterungssinn bei Insekten. Z Vergl Physiol 31:77–88
Ball E, Young D (1974) Structure and development of the auditory system in the prothoracic leg of the cricket Teleogryllus commodus (Walker). II. Postembryonic development. Z Zellforsch 147:313–324
Ball E, Oldfield BP, Michel-Rudolph K (1989) Auditory organ structure, development, and function. In: Huber F, Moore TE, Loher W (eds) Cricket behaviour and neurobiology. Comstock, Ithaca, London, pp 391–422
Breckow J, Sippel M (1985) Mechanics of the transduction of sound in the tympanal organ of adults and larvae of locusts. J Comp Physiol [A] 157:619–629
Burmeister H (1832) Handbuch der Entomologie, vols I, II. Reimer, Berlin
Graber V (1876) Die tympanalen Sinnesapparate der Orthopteren. Denkschrift D K Akad D Wissenschaften, Wien 36:1–140
Hartley JC, Dean RL (1974) Ephippiger cruciger as a laboratory insect (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae). J Nat Hist 8:349–354
Hensen V (1866) Über das Gehörorgan von Locusta. Z Wiss Zool 16:190–207
Kalmring K, Lewis B, Eichendorf A (1978) The physiological characteristics of the primary sensory neurons of the complex tibial organ of Decticus verrucivorus L (Orthoptera, Ensifera). J Comp Physiol 127:109–121
Kalmring K, Ebendt R, Ahi J, Hellweg J, Young D, Halex H, Lakes R, Rössler W, Schröder J (1990) Comparative investigation on the morphology and physiology of auditory receptor organs of seven species of bushcrickets. In: Gribakin FG, Wiese K, Popov AV (eds) Sensory systems and communication in arthropods. Birkhäuser, Basel Boston Berlin, pp 241–247
Lakes R (1988) Regeneration und Plastizität im auditorischen System von Feld- und Laubheuschrecken. Thesis, Marburg
Lakes R, Schikorski T (1990) The neuroanatomy of the tettigoniids. In: Bailey WJ, Rentz DCF (eds) The Tettigoniidae, biology, systematics and evolution. Crawford House Press, Bathurst, Australia, pp 166–190
Lewis DB (1974) The physiology of the tettigoniid ear, I–IV. J Exp Biol 60:821–869
Meier T, Reichert H (1990) Embryonic development and evolutionary origin of the orthopteran auditory organs. J Neurobiol 21:592–610
Michel K, Petersen M (1982) Development of the tympanal organ in larvae of the migratory locust (Locusta migratoria). Cell Tissue Res 222:667–676
Michelsen A (1971) The physiology of the locust ear. III. Acoustical properties of the intact ear. Z Vergl Physiol 71:102–128
Michelsen A, Larsen ON (1978) Biophysics of the ensiferan ear. I. Tympanal vibrations in bushcrickets (Tettigoniidae) studied with laser vibrometry. J Comp Physiol 123:193–203
Mothes-Wagner U, Wagner G, Reitze HK, Seitz KA (1984) A standardized technique for the in toto epoxy resin embedding and precipitate-free staining of small specimens covered by strong protective outer surfaces. J Microscopy 134:307–313
Nocke H (1975) Physical and physiological properties of the tettigoniid (grasshopper) ear. J Comp Physiol 100:25–57
Oldfield BP (1982) Tonotopic organization of auditory receptors in Tettigoniidae (Orthoptera: Ensifera). J Comp Physiol 147:461–469
Oldfield BP (1985) The tuning of auditory receptors in bushcrickets. Hearing Res 17:27–35
Petersen M, Kalmring K, Cokl A (1982) The auditory system in larvae of the migratory locust. Physiol Entomol 7:43–54
Rheinlaender J (1975) Transmission of acoustic information at three neuronal levels in the auditory system of Decticus verrucivorus (Tettigoniidae, Orthoptera). J Comp Physiol 97:1–53
Rössler W, Bailey WJ, Schröder J, Kalmring K (1990) Resolution of time and frequency patterns in the tympanal organs of tettigoniids. I. Synchronization and oscillation in the activity of receptor populations. Zool Jb Physiol 94:83–99
Schumacher R (1973) Morphologische Untersuchungen der tibialen Tympanalorgane von neun einheimischen Laubheuschrekken-Arten (Orthoptera, Tettigonioidea). Z Morphol Tiere 75:267–282
Schumacher R (1975) Scanning-electron-microscope description of the tibial tympanal organ of the Tettigonioidea (Orthoptera, Ensifera). Z Morphol Tiere 81:209–219
Schumacher R (1979) Zur funktionellen Morphologie des auditiven Systems der Laubheuschrecken (Orthoptera: Tettigonioidea). Entomol Genet 5:321–356
Schwabe J (1906) Beiträge zur Morphologie und Histologie der tympanalen Sinnesapparate der Orthopteren. Zoologica 50:1–154
Siebold T von (1844) Über das Stimm- und Gehörorgan der Orthopteren. Wiegmann's Arch Naturgesch 10:52–81
Spurr AR (1969) A low viscosity epoxy resin embedding medium for electron microscopy. J Ultrastruct Res 26:31–43
Stephen RO, Bennet-Clark HC (1982) The anatomical and mechanical basis of stimulation and frequency analysis in the locust ear. J Exp Biol 99:279–314
Stiedl O, Kalmring K (1989) The importance of song and vibratory signals in the behaviour of the bushcricket Ephippiger ephippiger Fiebig (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae): taxis by females. Oecologia 80:142–144
Young D, Ball E (1974) Structure and development of the auditory system in the prothoracic leg of the cricket Teleogryllus commodus (Walker). I. Adult structure. Z Zellforsch 147:293–312
Zhantiev RD, Korsunovskaya OS (1978) Morphofunctional organization of tympanal organs in Tettigonia cantans (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae). Zool Zh 57:1012–1016
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Rössler, W. Postembryonic development of the complex tibial organ in the foreleg of the bushcricket Ephippiger ephippiger (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae). Cell Tissue Res 269, 505–514 (1992). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00353905
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00353905