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Clinical course of metastatic parathyroid cancer

  • International Association of Endocrine Surgeons—Manuscripts Presented at the 35th World Congress of the International Society of Surgery, Hong Kong, August 1993
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Abstract

In a retrospective study the clinical course of 40 patients with symptomatic persistent or recurrent parathyroid cancer was analyzed in order to assess the value of aggressive surgical intervention. Recurrence was diagnosed after a median period of 33 months (1–228 months). Twenty-two patients had locoregional disease, whereas 14 patients had both local and distant spread. The remaining four patients had distant spread. Patients with just locoregional disease were subject to one to nine reoperative procedures. The median survival time from the last operation was 39 months (1–204 months). Eight patients then had no evidence of disease, three were hypercalemic and 9 of 11 had died of parathyroid cancer. Distant spread was demonstrated in 17 of 40 patients. Pulmonary metastases predominated (14 of 17). Surgical excision was performed in 9 of 14 cases. Of these nine, two patients had a subsequent disease-free interval of 36+ and 72+ months, respectively. One patient was reported hypercalcemic after 84 months, whereas five patients died of cancer between 4 and 60 months after their last surgical exploration. One patient was lost to follow-up. In all, 21 patients (53%) died of parathyroid cancer. Conspicuous nuclear atypia and frequent mitoses predominated. Image cytometric DNA analysis showed high rates for all three groups (median p90=80%, range 21–98%).

Résumé

Dans une étude rétrospective, l'évolution clinique de 40 patients, ayant un cancer de la parathyroïde symptomatique persistant ou récidivant, a été analysée pour évaluer la valeur d'une attitude chirurgicale agressive. La récidive a été mise en évidence après une médiane de 33 (1–228) mois. Vingt-et-un patients avaient une maladie locorégionale alors que 14 avaient à la fois une extension locale et à distance. Les quatre autres patients avaient des métastasees à distance. Les patients avec une extension locorégionale ont eu entre 1 et 9 réinterventions. La médiane de survie à partir de la dernière intervention était de 39 (1–204) mois. Huit patients n'avaient aucune évidence de maladie, trois étaient hypercalcémiques, et 9/11 avaient un cancer de la parathyroïde. Une extension à distance a été retrouvée chez 17 des 40 patients, essentiellement pulmonaires (14/17). Une exérèse chirurgicale a été réalisée dans 9/14 cas. Parmi ceux-là, deux patients out eu un intervalle libre de maladie respectivement de 36 et 72 mois. Un patient était hypercalcémique après 84 mois alors que cinq patients sont décédés de leur cancer entre 4 et 60 mois après leur dernière intervention chirurgicale. Un patient a été perdu de vue. En tout, 21 patients (53%) sont décédés d'un cancer de la parathyroïde. Des atypies nucléaires et des mitoses fréquentes prédominaient. L'analyse d'ADN par cytométrie de flux a montré un taux élevé pour les trois groupes (médiane p 90=80%) (extrêmes: 21–98%). L'évolution de cancer parathyroïde métastatique est variable, et la récidive tardive peut toujours se voir. Des métastases à distance concomitantes peuvent être anticipées en cas d'hypercalcémie persistente. Le poumon est la localisation la plus fréquente, et la métastasectomie est généralement faisable.

Resumen

En un estudio retrospectivo se analizó la evolución clínica de 40 pacientes con cáncer paratiroideo sintomáticamente persistente o recidivante, con el propósito de definir el valor de la intervención quirúrgica agresiva. La recidiva fue diagnosticada luego de un intervalo de tiempo promedio de 33 meses (1–228).

Veintidos pacientes presentaban enfermedad local-regional y 14 presentaban tanto enfermedad local como extensión a distancia; los 4 pacientes restantes presentaban extensión a distancia. Los pacientes que sólo tenían enfermedad local-regional fueron sometidos a 1–9 procedimientos reoperatorios. El tiempo promedio de sobrevida desde la última operación fue 39 meses (1–204). Para entonces ocho pacientes se hallaban libres de enfermedad, tres aparecían hipercalcémicos y 9–11 habían muerto por cáncer paratiroideo; en 17/40 se demostró extensión a distancia, con predominio de las metástasis pulmonares (14/17). Se practicó resección quirúrgica en 9/14 casos, de los cuales dos tuvieron un ulterior intervalo libre de enfermedad de 36+ y 72+ meses, respectivamente. Un paciente fue hallado hipercalcémico luego de 84 meses y cinco habían muerto por cáncer a los 4–60 meses luego de su última exploración quirúrgica; se perdió un paciente para seguimiento. En total 21 pacientes (53%) murieron por cáncer paratiroideo. Se registró predominio de conspícua atipía nuclear y de mitosis frecuentes. El análisis citométrico de ADN mostró altas tasas para los tres grupos (media p90=80%, rango 21–98).

La evolución del cáncer paratiroideo metastásico es variable, y se puede presentar la recidivia tardía. En los pacientes con hipercalamia persistente se puede predecir la existencia de metástasis a distancia, con el pulmón como el lugar de más frecuente ubicación. Su resección puede significar beneficio para los pacientes que las albergan.

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Sandelin, K., Tullgren, O. & Farnebo, L.O. Clinical course of metastatic parathyroid cancer. World J. Surg. 18, 594–598 (1994). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00353773

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