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Multivariate analysis of risk factors influencing survival in 110 ethnic Chinese with papillary thyroid cancer

  • International Association of Endocrine Surgeons—Manuscripts Presented at the 35th World Congress of the International Society of Surgery, Hong Kong, August 1993
  • Published:
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Abstract

Data from 110 Chinese patients presenting with papillary thyroid cancer to a single institution up to December 1985 have been analyzed to evaluate the possible risk factors affecting survival. There were 83 women and 27 men with an age range of 15 to 78 years (mean 45 years, median 42 years). The longest follow-up period is 39 years and the median 10 years. Cervical lymph node recurrence more than 6 months after surgery developed in 12 patients, of whom 1 died with a concomitant distant metastasis. “Thyroid bed” tumor recurrence, after apparently complete surgery, presented in 10 patients and resulted in 5 deaths. Distant metastases were identified in 17 patients with 7 deaths. Another 4 patients died from advanced local disease incompletely resectable on presentation. The following seven risk factors for survival were selected for multivariate analysis: age, sex, tumor size, histologic evidence of extrathyroidal spread, lymph node recurrence, neck recurrence, and distant metastases. Age, size, neck recurrence, and distant metastases were all significant on univariate analysis. Using Cox proportional hazards regression in the multivariate analysis of these seven factors, only age (p<0.0001) was shown to be significant. Age over 40 years on first diagnosis was a highly significant indicator of high risk (p=0.0003, log-rank).

Résumé

Les dossiers de 110 patients d'origine chinoise ayant un cancer papillaire de la thyroïde provenant d'un seul Hôpital vus jusqu'en Décembre 1985 ont été analysés pour déceler d'éventuels facteurs de risque pouvant influencer la survie. Il y avait 83 femmes et 27 hommes dont l'âge moyen était de 45, l'âge médian de 42 (extrêmes 15–78). Le suivi le plus long a été de 39 ans et la médiane de 10 ans. La récidive ganglionnaire cervicale, apparaissant plus de six mois après la chirurgie, a été observée chez 12 patients, parmi lesquels un est décédé de métastases à distance. La récidive locale (dans le “lit thyroïdien”), après une chirurgie apparemment complète a été observée chez 10 patients avec 5 décès. Des métastases à distance ont été observées chez 17 patients et étaient responsables de 7 décès. Quatre autres patients sont morts de cancer avancé irréséquable lors du diagnostic. Les facteurs de risque évalués en analyse multifactorielle étaient l'âge, le sexe, la taille de la tumeur, l'extension extrathyroödienne, la récidive ganglionnaire, la récidive cervicale et les métastases à distance. L'âge, la taille de la tumeur, la récidive cervicale et les métastases à distance ont tous été reconnus comme significatifs en analyse monofactorielle. Pour l'analyse multifactorielle selon le modèle de Cox, seul l'âge (p<0.0001) était significatif. L'âge supérieur à 40 ans lors de la première consultation est donc un facteur de risque hautement significatif (p=0.0003, log-rank).

Resumen

Se analizó la información sobre 110 pacientes de nacionalidad china con cáncer papilar de tiroides vistos en una sola institución hasta diciembre de 1985, con el propósito de evaluar los posibles factores de riesgo que afectan la sobrevida.

En esta serie hubo 83 pacientes de sexo femenino y 27 de sexo masculino, con un rango de edad de 15 a 78 años (promedio 45, medio 42). El seguimiento postoperatorio más prolongado fue de 39 años y el seguimiento medio de 10 años.

Recidiva ganglionar cervical aparecida más de 6 meses después de la cirugía se desarrolló en 12 pacientes, de los cuales 1 murió con metástasis concomitantes a distancia. Se presentó recidiva en el “lecho tiroideo”, luego de resección aparentemente completa, en 10 pacientes, lo cual dio como resultado 5 muertes. Se identificaron metástasis distantes en 17 pacientes con 7 muertes. Otros 4 pacientes murieron por enfermedad local avanzada de imposible rección completa en el momento de presentación.

Los siguientes 7 factores de riesgo fueron seleccionados para análisis multivariable: edad, sexo, tamaño del tumor, evidencia histológica de extensión extra-tiroidea, recidiva ganglionar, recidiva cervical y metástasis distantes.

La edad, la recidiva cervical y las metástasis distantes aparecieron todos como factores significativos en el análisis multivariable de los 7 factores. Al emplear la regresión de riesgos proporcionales de Cox, sólo la edad (p<0.0001) demostró significación. La edad superior a los 40 años en el momento del diagnóstico primario apareció como un indicador significativo de alto riesgo (p=0.0003, log-rank).

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Lorentz, T.G., Lau, P.W.K., Lo, C.Y. et al. Multivariate analysis of risk factors influencing survival in 110 ethnic Chinese with papillary thyroid cancer. World J. Surg. 18, 547–550 (1994). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00353761

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