Abstract
The origin and molecular structure of the midget chromosome that is retained in a common wheat with rye cytoplasm, were studied by using fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH). FISH with biotinylated rye genomic DNA as a probe clearly showed that the midget chromosome had originated from certain part(s) of rye chromosome(s). The midget chromosome did not possess sequences similar to wheat rDNA nor to a rye telomeric sequence with a 350 bp repeat unit. However, another repetitive sequence (120 bp family) of rye was found to occur at one end of the midget chromosome. The telomeric repeat sequences from Arabidopsis thaliana cross-hybridized to both ends of the midget chromosome as well as to wheat chromosomes. From the results obtained in this and previous studies, it is assumed that the midget chromosome originated from part of a rye chromosome, most likely the centromeric region of chromosome 1R, and that the telomeric sequences were synthesized de novo.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Baum M, Appels R (1991) Review: The cytogenetic and molecular architecture of chromosome 1R — one of the most widely utilized sources of alien chromatin in wheat varieties. Chromosoma 101: 1–10
Bedbrook JR, Jones J, O'Dell M, Thompson RD, Flavell RB (1980) A molecular description of telomeric heterochromatin in Secale species. Cell 19: 545–560
Blabkburn EH (1991) Structure and function of telomeres. Nature 350: 569–573
Durnam DM, Gelinas R, Myerson D (1985) Detection of species specific chromosome in somatic cell hybrids. Somatic Cell Mol Genet 11: 571–577
Endo TR (1990) Gametocidal chromosomes and their induction of chromosome mutations in wheat. Jpn J Genet 65: 135–152
Ganal MW, Lapitan NLV, Tanksley SD (1991) Macrostructure of the tomato telomeres. Plant Cell 3: 87–94
Gerlach WL, Bedbrook JR (1979) Cloning and characterisation of ribosomal RNA genes from wheat and barley. Nucleic Acids Res 7: 1869–1885
Johnson GD, Araujo GM (1981) A simple method of reducing the fading of immunofluorescence during microscopy. J Immunol Methods 43: 349–350
Jones JG, Flavell RB (1982) The mapping of highly-repeated DNA families and their relationship to C-bands in chromosomes of Secale cereale. Chromosoma 86: 595–612
Lapitan NLV, Sears RG, Rayburn AL, Gill BS (1986) Wheat-rye translocations. J Hered 77: 415–419
Le HT, Armstrong KC, Miki B (1989) Detection of rye DNA in wheat-rye hybrids and wheat translocation stocks using total genomic DNA as a probe. Plant Mol Biol Rep 7: 150–158
Maan SS (1973) Cytoplasmic variability in Triticinae. Proceedings of the 4th International Wheat Genetics Symposium Mo, pp 367–373
Maan SS, Lucken KA (1971) Male-sterile wheat with rye cytoplasm. Restoration of male fertility and plant vigor. J Hered 62: 353–355
McIntryre CL, Pereira S, Moran LB, Appels R (1990) New Secale cereale (rye) DNA derivatives for the detection of rye chromosome segments in wheat. Genome 33: 635–640
Murata M (1983) Staining air dried protoplasts for study of plant chromosomes. Stain Technol 58: 101–106
Murata M (1989) Effects of auxin and cytokinin on induction of sister chromatid exchanges in cultured cells of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Theor Appl Genet 78: 521–524
Murata M, Tsuji S (1976) Specific interaction between the D genome and the three alien cytoplasms in wheat. Wheat Inf Serv 41–42: 2–5
Murray MG, Thompson WF (1980) Rapid isolation of high molecular weight plant DNA. Nucleic Acids Res 8: 4321–4325
Nakata N, Yasumuro Y, Sasaki M (1986) Midget chromosome found in common wheat cv. Chinese Spring with rye cytoplasm. Wheat Inf Serv 63: 39–41
Nakata N, Asami H, Yasumuro Y, Sasaki M (1988) Role and transmission of midget chromosome found in the rye cytoplasmic Chinese Spring line. Proceedings 7th International Wheat Genetics Symposium, pp 391–396
Ohtsuka I (1980) Function of D genome chromosome on the compatible relation between wheat genomes and Aegilops squarrosa cytoplasm. Seiken Ziho 29: 18–39 (in Japanese with English abstract)
Pinkel D, Straume T, Gray JW (1986) Cytogenetic analysis using quantitative, high-sensitive, fluorescence hybridization. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 83: 2934–2938
Rayburn AL, Gill BS (1985) Use of biotin-labeled probes to map specific DNA sequences on wheat chromosomes. J Hered 76: 78–81
Richards EJ, Ausbel FM (1988) Isolation of a higher eukaryotic telomere from Arabidopsis thaliana. Cell 53: 127–136
Tsuji S, Murata M (1976) Specific interactions between the D genome and three alien cytoplasms. II. Seed inviability induced by the alien cytoplasm. Jpn J Genet 44: 1–9
Tsujimoto H, Panayotov I, Tsunnwaki K (1987) Behavior of an extra chromosome carried by alloplasmic common wheat lines having Agropyron trichophorum. Jpn J Genet 62: 291–299
Tsunewaki K (ed) (1980) Genetic diversity of the cytoplasm in Triticum and Aegilops. Japan Society for the Promotion of Science Tokyo
Wang ML, Atkinson MD, Chinoy CN, Devos KM, Harcourt RL, Liu CJ, Rogers WJ, Gale MD (1991) RFLP-based genetic map of rye (Secale cereale L.) chromosome 1R. Tehor Appl Genet 82: 174–178
Wang S, Lapitan NLV, Tsuchiya T (1991) Characterization of telomeres in Hordeum vulgare chromosomes by in situ hybridization. I. Normal diploid barley. Jpn J Genet 66: 313–316
Zakian VA (1989) Structure and function of telomeres. Annu Rev Genet 23: 579–604
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
by R. Appels
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Murata, M., Nakata, N. & Yasumuro, Y. Origin and molecular structure of a midget chromosome in a common wheat carrying rye cytoplasm. Chromosoma 102, 27–31 (1992). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00352287
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00352287