Abstract
This study assesses the potential of the tropical loliginid squid Photololigo sp. to lay multiple batches of eggs and examines changes in somatic growth during reproduction. Histological analysis of the ovary and the relative size of the oviduct to mantle weight and ovary weight were used to determine the potential for multiple spawning. Ovaries of mature females always had immature and mature oocytes present, suggesting that not all the oocytes were maturing simultaneously and that multiple batches of eggs were being produced. Furthermore, poor correlations of oviduct weight with body size and ovary weight indicated that mature oocytes were not accumulating in the oviduct for a single spawning event. Both these observations supported the hypothesis that Photololigo sp. has the potential to lay multiple batches of eggs throughout its life. Specific growth rates, length-weight relationships, relative growth of somatic and reproductive tissue and microscopic assessment of muscle tissue were compared between immature and mature females. Growth rates of immature females were almost twice as fast as those of mature females. Mature females also had no large muscle fibres present, suggesting that energy for reproduction was mobilised from the muscle tissue.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Boyle PR, Pierce GJ, Hastie LC (1995) Flexible reproductive strategies in the squid Loligo forbesi. Mar Biol 121: 501–508
Calow P (1983) Life-cycle patterns and evolution. In: Russell-Hunter WD (ed) The Mollusca. Vol. 6. Ecology. Academic Press, New York, pp 649–678
Calow P (1987). Fact and theory — an overview. In: Boyle PR (ed) Cephalopod life cycles. Vol. II. Comparative reviews. Academic Press, London, pp 351–365
Fields WG (1965) The structure, development, food relations, reproduction, and life history of the squid Loligo opalescens Berry. Calif Dep Fish Game, Fish Bull 131: 1–108
Forsythe JW, Van Heukelem WF (1987) Growth. In: Boyle PR (ed) Cephalopod life cycles. Vol. II. Comparative reviews. Academic Press, London, pp 135–156
Guerra A (1993) Ageing in cephalopods. In: Okutani T, O'Dor RK, Kubodera T (eds) Recent advances in cephalopod fisheries biology. Tokai University Press, Tokyo, pp 684–687
Guerra A, Castro BG (1994) Reproductive-somatic relationships in Loligo gahi (Cephalopoda: Loliginidae) from the Falkland Islands. Antarctic Sci 6: 175–178
Harman RF, Young RE, Reid SB, Mangold KM, Suzuki T, Hixon RF (1989) Evidence for multiple spawning in the tropical oceanic squid Stenoteuthis oualaniensis (Teuthoidea: Ommastrephidae). Mar Biol 101: 513–519
Hatfield EMC, Rodhouse PG, Barber DL (1992) Production of soma and gonad in maturing female Illex argentinus (Mollusca: Cephalopoda). J mar biol Ass UK 72: 281–291
Jackson GD (1989) The use of statolith microstructures to analyse life-history events in the small tropical cephalopod Idiosepius pygmaeus. Fish Bull US 87: 265–272
Jackson GD (1990a) The use of tetracycline staining techniques to determine statolith growth ring periodicity in the tropical loliginid squids Loliolus noctiluca and Loligo chinensis. Veliger 33: 389–393
Jackson GD (1990b) Age and growth of the tropical near-shore loliginid squid Sepioteuthis lessoniana determined from statolith growth ring analysis. Fish Bull US 88: 113–118
Jackson GD (1991) Age, growth and population dynamics of tropical squid and sepioid populations in waters of Townsville, North Queensland, Australia. PhD thesis. James Cook University of North Queensland, Townsville, Qd, Australia
Jackson GD (1993) Seasonal variation in reproductive investment in the tropical loliginid squid Loligo chinensis and the small tropical sepioid Idiosepius pygmaeus. Fish Bull US 91: 260–270
Jackson GD, Choat JH (1992) Growth in tropical cephalopods: an analysis based on statolith microstructure. Can J Fish aquat Sciences 49: 218–228
Jackson GD, Mladenov PV (1994) Terminal spawning in the deepwater squid Moroteuthis ingens (Cephalopoda: Onychoteuthidae). J Zool 234: 189–201
Juanicó M (1983). Squid maturity scales for population analysis. FAO Fish tech Pap 231: 341–378
Karpov KA, Cailliet GM (1978) Feeding dynamics of Loligo opalescens. Calif Dep Fish Game Fish Bull 169: 45–66
Knipe JH, Beeman RD (1978) Histological observations on oögenesis in Loligo opalescens. Calif Dep Fish Game, Fish Bull 169: 23–33
Laptikhovsky VV, Nigmatullin CM (1993) Egg size, fecundity, and spawning in females of the genus Illex (Cephalopoda: Ommastrephidae). ICES J mar Sci 50: 393–403
Lewis AR, Choat JH (1993) Spawning mode and reproductive output of the tropical cephalopod Idiosepius pygmaeus. Can J Fish aquat Sciences 50: 20–28
Mangold K (1987) Reproduction. In: Boyle PR (ed) Cephalopod life cycles. Vol. II. Comparative reviews. Academic Press, London, pp 157–200
Mangold KM, Young RE, Nixon M (1993) Growth versus maturation in cephalopods. In: Okutani T, O'Dor RK, Kubodera T (eds) Recent advances in cephalopod fisheries biology. Tokai University Press, Tokyo, pp 697–703
Moltschaniwskyj NA (1994a) Muscle tissue growth and muscle fibre dynamics in the tropical loliginid squid Photololigo sp. (Cephalopoda: Loliginidae). Can J Fish aquat Sciences 51: 830–835
Moltschaniwskyj NA (1994b) Dynamics of growth and development in the tropical loliginid squid Photololigo species. PhD thesis. James Cook University of North Queensland, Townsville, Qd, Australia
O'Dor RK, Webber DM (1986) The constraints on cephalopods: why squid aren't fish. Can J Zool 64: 1591–1605
O'Dor RK, Wells MJ (1973) Yolk protein synthesis in the ovary of Octopus vulgaris and its control by the optic gland gonadotropin. J exp Biol 59: 665–674
O'Dor RK, Wells MJ (1978) Reproduction versus somatic growth: hormonal control in Octopus vulgaris. J exp Biol 77: 15–31
Packard A (1972) Cephalopods and fish: the limits of convergence. Biol Rev 47: 241–307
Perez JAA, Haimovici M, Cousin JCB (1990) Sperm storage mechanisms and fertilization in females of two South American eledonids (Cephalopoda: Octopopda). Malacologia 32: 147–154
Pollero RJ, Iribarne OO (1988) Biochemical changes during the reproductive cycle of the small Patagonian octopus, Octopus tehuelchus, D'Orb. Comp Biochem Physiol 90B: 317–320
Rodhouse PG, Hatfield EMC (1990) Dynamics of growth and maturation in the cephalopod Illex argentinus de Castellanos, 1960 (Teuthoidea: Ommastrephidae). Phil Trans R Soc (Ser B) 329: 229–241
Rodhouse PG, Hatfield EMC (1992) Production of soma and gonad in maturing male Illex argentinus (Mollusca: Cephalopoda). J mar biol Ass UK 72: 293–300
Rodhouse PG, Swinfen RC, Murray AWA (1988) Life cycle, demography and reproductive investment in the myopsid squid Alloteuthis subulata. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 45: 245–253
Sauer WH, Lipinski MR (1990) Histological validation of morphological stages of sexual maturity in chokker squid Loligo vulgaris reynaudii D'Orb (Cephalopoda: Loliginidae). Sth Afr J mar Sci 9: 189–200
Stearns SC (1992) The evolution of life histories. Oxford University Press, New York
Tait RW (1986) Aspects physiologiques de la senescence post reproductive chez Octopus vulgaris. PhD thesis, University of Paris VI
Vlaming V de (1983) Oocyte development patterns and hormonal involvements among teleosts. In: Rankin JC, Pitcher TJ, Duggan RT (eds) Control processes in fish physiology. Croom Helm, London, pp 176–199
Yeatman J (1993) Genetic and morphological aspects of Australian Photololigo spp. (Loliginidae: Cephalopoda). PhD thesis. James Cook University of North Queensland, Townsville, Qd, Australia
Young RE, Mangold KM (1994) Growth and reproduction in the mesopelagic-boundary squid Abralia trigonura. Mar Biol 119: 413–421
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
Communicated by G. F. Humphrey, Sydney
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Moltschaniwskyj, N.A. Multiple spawning in the tropical squid Photololigo sp.: what is the cost in somatic growth?. Marine Biology 124, 127–135 (1995). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00349154
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00349154