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Continuous hyperthermic peritoneal perfusion for the prevention of peritoneal recurrence of gastric cancer: Randomized controlled study

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Abstract

We performed continuous hyperthermic peritoneal perfusion (CHPP) or continuous normothermic peritoneal perfusion (CNPP) combined with cisplatin (CDDP) 300 mg/kg and mitomycin C (MMC) 30 mg/kg in an attempt to prevent peritoneal recurrence after surgery for gastric cancer. Twenty-two patients were treated with perfusion using about 10 liters of saline heated to 41° to 42°C (CHPP group); 18 patients were treated with saline heated to 37° to 38°C (CNPP group); and 18 patients underwent only gastric surgery without perfusion (control group) in a randomized control study. There were two deaths (9%) due to peritoneal recurrence in the CHPP group, four (22%) in the CNPP group, and four (22%) in the control group. The 1-, 2-, and 3-year survival rates were 95%, 89%, and 68%, in the CHPP group; 81%, 75%, and 51%, in the CNPP group; and 43%, 23%, and 23%, in the control group, respectively. There was a significant difference between the three survival curves by the log-rank test (p<0.01). This difference showed that CNPP and CHPP are both effective procedures for preventing peritoneal recurrence. The maximum concentrations in the perfusate of total and free CDDP with 300 mg administration were 12.2 and 10.1 μg/ml, respectively, at the end of the perfusion, and the maximum concentrations of total and free CDDP in plasma were 2.1 and 1.0 μg/ml, respectively. The maximum concentrations of MMC in perfusate and plasma with 30 mg administration were 1.00 and 0.05 μg/ml, respectively, which are intraperitoneally cytotoxic but systemically safe concentrations.

Résumé

Nous mettons en place une perfusion intrapéritonéale hyper (PPHC) ou isothermique continue (PPNC), associée à une chimiothérapie combinée (cisplatine (CDDP) à la posologie de 300 mg/Kg et mitomycine C (MMC) à la posologie de 30 mg/Kg) dans le but de prévenir les récidives péritonéales après chirurgie pour cancer gastrique. Dans une étude randomisée, 22 patients ont été traités par perfusions péritonéale avec 10 liters de sérum physiologique chauffé à 41–42°C (PPHC), 18 ont été traités avec du sérum à 37°C (PPNC) et 18 ont été opérés de leur cancer gastrique sans perfusion postopératoire (groupe contrôle (22%)). Les survies à 1, 2 et 3 ans étaient de 95, 89 et 68%, respectivement dans le groupe PPHC, de 81, 75 et 51% dans le groupe PPNC et de 43, 23 et 23% dans le groupe contrôle. Les trois courbes de survie différaient de façon significative (logrank p<0.01). Ces différences montrent que non seulement la perfusion intrapéritonéale associée à la chimiothérapie mais aussi l'hyperthermie intrapéritonéale sont efficaces pour prévenir la récidive péritonéale. après résection gastrique pour cancer. Les concentrations maximales globales et isolées de CDDP étaient de 12.2 et de 10.1 μg/ml à la fin de la perfusion. Les concentrations plasmatiques maximales de MMC globales et isolées étaient de 1.00 et de 0.05 μg/ml., respectivement. Ces résultats cliniques favorables démontrent que les concentrations obtenues ainsi ne sont pas nocives.

Resumen

En pacientes sometidos a cirugía por cáncer gástrico hemos realizado perfusión peritoneal hipertérmica continua (PPHC) o perfusión peritoneal normotérmica continua (PPNC) combinada con cisplatino (CCDP) en dosis de 300 mg/cuerpo y mitomicina C (MMC) en dosis de 30 mg/cuerpo con miras a prevenir la recurrencia peritoneal. Veintidós pacientes fueron tratados con perfusión de alrededor de 10 litros de solución salina calentada a 41–42°C (grupo PPHC); 18 pacientes fueron tratados con solución salina calentada a 37–38°C (grupo PPNC); y 18 pacientes fueron sometidos a cirugía gástrica solamente, sin perfusión, los cuales constituyeron el grupo de control. El estudio fue randomizado. Las muertes por recurrencias peritoneales fueron dos (9%) en el grupo PPHC, cuatro (22%) en el grupo PPNC y cuatro (22%) en el grupo control. Las tasas de sobrevida a uno, dos y tres años fueron 95%, 89% y 68% en el grupo PPHC; 81%, 75% y 51% en el grupo PPNC; y 43%, 23% y 23% en grupo control, respectivamente. Se encontró una diferencia significativa en las tres curvas de sobrevida en la prueba de log-rank (p<0.01). La significativa diferencia hallada entre las tres curvas de sobrevida demuestran que, no sólo la perfusión intraperitoneal combinada con quimioterapia (PPNC) sino también la hipertermia intraperitoneal (PPHC), son procedimientos efectivos para la prevención de la recurrencia peritoneal. Las concentraciones máximas del CCDP total y libre en el líquido de perfusión en el régimen de 300 mg fue 12.2 y 10.1 μg/ml al final de la perfusión. Las máximas concentraciones plasmáticas de CDDP total y libre fueron 2.1 y 1.0 μg/ml al final de la perfusión. Las concentraciones máximas de MMC en el líquido de perfusión y en el plasma en regímenes por debajo de 30 mg fueron 1.0 y 0.05 μg/ml. Tales resultados demuestran concentraciones intraperitoneales citotóxicas pero sistémicamente seguras.

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Fujimura, T., Yonemura, Y., Muraoka, K. et al. Continuous hyperthermic peritoneal perfusion for the prevention of peritoneal recurrence of gastric cancer: Randomized controlled study. World J. Surg. 18, 150–155 (1994). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00348209

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