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Conservative surgery for the management of invasive and noninvasive carcinoma of the breast: NSABP trials

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Abstract

In 1976 the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project (NSABP) initiated a randomized trial (B-06) to evaluate the worth of lumpectomy in the treatment of patients with stages I and II breast cancer. This report presents, for the first time, findings from that trial through 10 years of follow-up relative to ipsilateral breast tumor recurrence (IBTR), distant disease-free survival, and survival of patients who were treated by modified radical mastectomy, lumpectomy, or lumpectomy followed by breast irradiation. The report indicates that the incidence of IBTR observed in the B-06 trial is decreased by effective systemic therapy as well. Also commented on are a number of issues regarding the use of lumpectomy that are of concern to clinicians. They relate to the need for tumor specimen margins, the size of tumors amenable to lumpectomy, treatment of breast tumor recurrence, lumpectomy in older women, and other concerns. No patient or tumor characteristics have been identified that preclude the use of lumpectomy and radiation therapy. All evidence continues to justify the use of lumpectomy and breast irradiation for the treatment of invasive breast cancer. In addition, we have noted findings that indicate the propriety of lumpectomy and breast irradiation for treatment of localized ductal carcinoma in situ.

Résumé

En 1976, a débuté un essai randomisé (B-06) sur la valeur de la tumorectomie (“lumpectomie”) dans les cancers du sein aux stades I et II entrepris par la National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project (NSABP). Ce rapport présente, pour la première fois, les résultats du suivi à 10 ans de cet essai, en ce qui concerne la récidive homolatérale (RHL), la survie à distance sans maladie et la survie globale des patientes traitées respectivement par la mastectomie radicale modifiée, la tumorectomie ou la tumorectomie suivie de radiothérapie locale. L'incidence de la RHL est diminuée par une chimiothérapie systémique efficace. Les principaux problèmes soulevés par l'utilisation de la tumorectomie sont discutés: entre autres, l'importance des marges de sécurité, la taille des tumeurs susceptibles d'être traitées ainsi, l'attitude thérapeutique visa-vis des récidives locales, l'utilisation de la technique chez la femme âgée. Il n'a été mis en évidence aucun type particulier de patiente ou de caractéristique tumorale qui exclue à priorité la tumorectomie et la radiothérapie d'emblée. Tout semble justifier la continuation de l'utilisation de la tumorectomie associée la radiothérapie locale, pour les cancers invasifs du sein. Les indications propres à la tumorectomie associée a la radiothérapie dans les cancers in situ intracanalaires localisés sont données.

Resumen

En 1976 en National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project (NSABP) inició un ensayo randomizado (B-06) destinado a valorar la tumorectomía en el tratamiento de pacientes con cáncer mamario en estados I y II. El presente artículo presenta, por primera vez, los hallazgos en tal ensayo a través de 10 años de seguimiento en relación a recurrencia tumoral ipsilateral (RTI), sobrevida libre de enfermedad a largo plazo y supervivencia de las pacientes tratadas mediante mastectomía radical modificada, tumorectomía sola o tumorectomía seguida de irradiación. El informe también indica que la incidencia de RTI observada en el ensayo B-06 se disminuye con una efectiva terapia sistémica. Así mismo, se comentan diversos aspectos de la tumorectomía que son motivo de preocupación por parte de los médicos: necesidad de obtener márgenes libres de tumor, tamaño del tumor susceptible de tumorectomía, tratamiento de las recurrencias mamarias, tumorectomía en mujeres ancianas y otras materias. No se han identificado características pertinentes a la paciente o al tumor que contraindiquen el uso de la tumorectomía y radioterapia. Toda la evidencia disponible continúa justificando el uso de la tumorectomía e irradiación en el tratamiento del cáncer mamario invasivo. Además, anotamos hallazgos que apuntan a favorecer la tumorectomía e irradiación en el tratamiento del carcinoma ductal in situ del seno.

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Fisher, B., Anderson, S. Conservative surgery for the management of invasive and noninvasive carcinoma of the breast: NSABP trials. World J. Surg. 18, 63–69 (1994). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00348193

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