Abstract
Consideration is given to a finite-difference model of functioning of a pelagic community inhabiting the upper 0 to 200 m layer of the tropical waters of the ocean. The model was developed on the basis of original data, obtained mainly on the 44th cruise of the R.V. “Vityaz” in the western Equatorial Pacific Ocean. Changes in the system are studied in time (up to 100 days, with 1 day intervals) and in depth (from surface to 200 m depth, with 10 m intervals). The state of the system in the upwelling zone, assumed to be characterized by a homogeneous vertical distribution of all its elements, is regarded as initial. The system then develops with time while it moves with the water flow. The model was realized on a BESM-3M computor. The computations yielded a pattern of changes in time of the biomass of the elements (expressed in calories), and a pattern of their vertical distribution at different instants. The vertical distribution pattern of the major elements of the model shows a rather close correlation with their observed distribution in the ocean at the corresponding instant.
Similar content being viewed by others
Literature Cited
Arashkevich, E. G. and A. G. Timonin: The feeding of copepods in the tropical part of the Pacific Ocean. [Russ.]. Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR 191, 935–938 (1970).
Arsenyev, V. S., L. I. Galerkin, E. A. Plakhin and V. V. Sapozhnikov: Specific features of hydrology and hydrochemistry of the ocean area studied in the 44th cruise of the R.V. “Vityaz”. [Russ., Engl. Summary]. In: Functioning of pelagic communities in the tropical regions of the ocean, pp 38–49. Ed. by M. E. Vinogradov. Moscow: Nauka 1971.
Gueredrat, J. A.: Evolution d'une population de copépodes dans le système des courants équatoriaux de l'Océan Pacifique. Zoogéographie, écologie et diversité spécifique. Mar. Biol. 9, 300–314 (1971).
Ivlev, V. S.: Experimental ecology of nutrition of fishes, [Russ.] pp 3–252. Moscow: Pishchepromizdat 1955. [Engl. transl. by D. Scott, New Haven: Yale University Press 1961].
Lyapunov, A. A.: On the construction of a mathematical model of balance correlations in the ecosystem of the tropical ocean. [Russ., Engl. Summary]. In: Functioning of pelagic communities in the tropical regions of the ocean, pp 13–24. Ed. by M. E. Vinogradov. Moscow: Nauka 1971.
Menshutkin, V. V.: Mathematical modelling of populations and aquatic faunal communities, [Russ., Engl. Summary]. pp 3–196. Ed. by G. G. Winberg. Leningrad: Nauka 1971.
— and T. I. Prikhodko: Analogue investigation of phytoplankton vertical distribution and production, [Russ.]. Gidrobiol. Zh. 7 (2), 5–10 (1971).
Mullin, M. M.: Selective feeding by calanoid copepods. In: Some contemporary studies in marine sciences, pp 545–554. Ed. by H. Barnes. London: George Allen Unwin Ltd. 1966.
Ostapenya, A. P. and E. A. Shushkina. Calorific value of the net plankton and energetic equivalents of mass of some tropical planktonic crustaceans. In: Functioning of pelagic communities in the tropical regions of the ocean, pp 172–178. Ed. by M. E. Vinogradov. Moscow: Nauka 1971.
Patten, B. C.: Mathematical models of plankton production. Int. Revue ges. Hydrobiol. 53, 357–408 (1968).
Petipa, T. S., E. D. Pavlova and G. N. Mironov: The food web structure, utilization and transport of energy by trophic levels in the planktonic communities. In: Marine food chains, pp 142–167. Ed. by J. H. Steele. Edinburgh: Oliver Boyd 1970.
— and Y. I. Sorokin: Radiocarbon studies of feeding of the mass plankton forms in the tropical Pacific. [Russ., Engl. Summary]. In: Functioning of pelagic communities in the tropical regions of the ocean, pp 123–141. Ed. by M. E. Vinogradov. Moscow: Nauka 1971.
Ryther, I. H.: Photosynthesis in the ocean as a function of light intensity. Limnol. Oceanogr. 1, 61–70 (1956).
Shushkina, E. A.: Estimates of the production intensities of the tropical zooplankton. [Russ., Engl. Summary]. In: Functioning of pelagic communities in the tropical regions of the ocean, pp 157–166. Ed. by M. E. Vinogradov. Moscow: Nauka 1971.
— Production intensity and K2 of mysids (Crustacea) of the sea of Japan. [Russ.]. Okeanologiya 12 (2), 326–337 (1972).
Shushkina, E. A. and E. V. Pavlova: Rates of respiration and production of zooplankton of tropical pelagic ecosystems. (In press).
Shushkina, E. A. and I. A. Sokolova: Calorimetric equivalents of body weight in tropical zooplankton. (In press).
— and B. Ya. Vilenkin: Respiration rate of planktonic crustaceans from the tropical Pacific. [Russ. Engl. Summary]. In: Functioning of pelagic communities in the tropical regions of the ocean, pp 167–171. Ed. by M. E. Vinogradov. Moscow: Nauka 1971.
Sorokin, Yu. I.: On the effect of water stratification on the primary production of photosynthesis in the sea. [Russ.]. Zh. obshch. Biol. 20, 455–463 (1959).
—: On the role of bacterioplankton in the biological productivity of the tropical waters of the Pacific Ocean. [Russ., Engl. Summary]. In: Functioning of pelagic communities in the tropical regions of the ocean, pp 92–122. Ed. by M. E. Vinogradov. Moscow: Nauka 1971.
Sushchenya, L. M.: Quantitative regularities in crustacean metabolism and transformation of energy and substance. Doctor Sc. Thesis, M. S. preserved in the Library of the P. P. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Moscow 1969.
Timonin, A. G.: Structure of the pelagic communities. The quantitative relationship between different trophic groups of plankton in the frontal zones of the tropical ocean. [Russ., Engl. Summary]. Okeanologiya 9 (5), 846–856 (1969).
—: The structure of plankton communities of the Indian Ocean. Mar. Biol. 9, 281–289 (1971).
Vinogradov, M. E.: Vertical distribution of the oceanic zooplankton, pp 7–320. Moscow: Nauka 1968.
—: Studies of the functioning of oceanic biological systems. [Russ., Engl. Summary]. In: Functioning of pelagic communities in the tropical regions of the ocean, pp 5–12. Ed. by M. E. Vinogradov, Moscow: Nauka 1971.
—: The 50th cruise of the R.V. “Vityaz”—studies on control problems as applied to the biological pelagic systems of the ocean. [Russ.]. Okeanologiya 12, 179–185 (1972).
— I. I. Gitelzon and Yu. I. Sorokin: The vertical structure of a pelagic community in the tropical ocean. Mar. Biol. 6, 187–194 (1970).
— and N. M. Voronina: The distribution of different groups of plankton in accordance with their trophic level in the Indian Equatorial Currents area. Rapp. P.-v. Réun. Cons. perm. int. Explor. Mer 153, 200–204 (1961).
—: Some peculiarities of the plankton distribution in the Pacific and Indian Oceans' Equatorial currents. [Russ.]. Okeanol. Issled., 10 Section, I.G.Y. Program 13, 128–136 (1964).
— and I. N. Sukhanova: The distribution of the tropical plankton and its relation to some peculiarities of the structure of water in the open sea areas. [Russ.]. Okea nologiya 1, 283–293 (1961).
Voitov, V. I. and O. V. Kopelevich: Optical studies in the western Pacific. [Russ., Engl. Summary]. In: Functioning of pelagic communities in the tropical regions of the ocean. pp 25–34. Ed. by M. E. Vinogradov. Moscow: Nauka 1971.
Winberg, G. G.: Energetic principle in investigation of trophic relations and productivity of ecological systems. [Russ., Engl. Summary] Zool. Zh. 41, 1618–1630 (1962).
— and S. I. Anisimov: A mathematical model of an aquatic ecosystem. [Russ.]. In: Photosynthesizing system of high productivity, pp 213–223. Moscow: Nauka 1966.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
Communicated by M. E. Vinogradov, Moscow
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Vinogradov, M.E., Menshutkin, V.V. & Shushkina, E.A. On mathematical simulation of a pelagic ecosystem in tropical waters of the ocean. Marine Biology 16, 261–268 (1972). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00347747
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00347747