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Management of rectourethral fistulas in Crohn's disease

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Abstract

We report the thirtheenth case of a recto-urethral fistula in Crohn's disease. The patient, a 37-year-old white male, had a 20-year history of intestinal Crohn's disease and had undergone numerous bowel resections. His symptoms were fecaluria, urorrhea and passing of urine from an orifice just outside the base of the scrotum. He had urinary infection and severe ileocolitis. He underwent a diagnostic evaluation (cystourethroscopy, proctoscopy, retrograde pyelography, intravenous urography, voiding cystourethrography) that reveled a fistula comprising the membranous urethra, the rectum, the perineum and the scrotum. He was treated with Metronidazole (20 mg/kg/day/12mo). At 1 year no signs of intestinal disease and urinary sepsis were noted. The external orifice and the perineal fistulous network were closed, and the drainage from the rectum and the urethra had improved. No side effects limited use of the drug. No relapse was observed in the 3 months, after the therapy was discontinued. We present a review of the literature on the management of rectourethral fistulas in Crohn's disease. Surgeons have used successfully several approaches in the repair of this lesion, but no single procedure has proved optimal or even universally applicable. We emphasize, as the literature suggests, that the management must be individualized. Medical therapy with metronidazole has an important role in a patient with rectourethral fistula and concomitant proctitis, ileocolitis, urinary sepsis and multiple previous surgical procedures.

Résumé

Nous rapportons le treizième cas de fistule rectourétrale associée à la maladie de Crohn. Le patient, un homme blanc de 37 ans, souffre depuis 20 ans d'une maladie de Crohn intestinale et a subi de nombreuses résections intestinales. Il souffre d'une fécalurie, d'une urorrhée et élimine de l'urine par un orifice situé juste à la base du scrotum. Il se plaint d'une infection urinaire et d'une iléo-colite sévère. Il a subi une évaluation diagnostique (cysto-urétroscopie, proctoscopie, pyélographie rétrograde, urographie intraveineuse, cysto-urétrographie mictionelle) qui a mis en évidence une fistule comprenant l'urètre membraneux, le rectum, le périnée et le scrotum. Il a été traité avec du Metronidazole (20 mg/kg/jour pendant 12 mois). A un an, on n'observe plux aucun signe de l'affection intestinale ni de l'infection urinaire. L'orifice externe et le réseau fistuleux périnéal sont fermés et le drainage par le rectum et l'urètre est amélioré. Aucun effet secondaire n'a limité l'usage des médicaments. Aucune récidive n'a été observée dans les trois mois qui ont suivi l'arrêt de la thérapeutique. Nous présentons une revue de la littérature sur le traitement des fistules recto-urétrales en cas de maladie de Crohn. Les chirurgiens ont utilisé successivement différentes approches dans la réparation de cette lésion mais aucune technique isolée n'a prouvé sa supériorité ou la possibilité de la mettre en pratique de manière généralisée. Nous soulignons, ainsi que le suggère la littérature, que le traitement doit être individualisé. Le traitement avec du Métronidazole joue un rôle important chez les patients porteurs d'une fistule recto-urétrale et d'une proctite concomitante, d'une iléocolite, d'une infection urinaire et qui a déjà subi de nombreuses interventions chirurgicales.

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Santoro, G.A., Bucci, L. & Frizelle, F.A. Management of rectourethral fistulas in Crohn's disease. Int J Colorect Dis 10, 183–188 (1995). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00346215

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