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Enlarging skull fractures of childhood

Elargissement progressif des traits de fracture du crâne chez l'enfant

Wachsende Schädelfraktur in der Kindheit

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Summary

Essential to the development of the syndrome of enlarging skull facture of childhood are: 1) a diastatic skull fracture of infancy or early childhood, which is the period of most active cranial growth (50% occur under the age of 1 year); 2) a diastatic dural defect which may be surprisingly extensive and usually exceeds the initial fracture in width; 3) contusion and local swelling of the brain beneath the fracture, commonly resulting in local bulging of the skull in that region. The local cerebral injury is usually severe and may result in a variety of late pathological sequelae including: local cerebral atrophy, porencephalic or other cysts, focal ventricular dilatation, and complex scarring involving dura, pia-arachnoid and cerebrum. A leptomeningeal cyst is not essential for the development of this syndrome. Experimental studies in infant animals confirm the significance of a dural defect in the persistence of an overlying skull defect. Early operations for repair of the skull and dural defects may be indicated in certain patients. The term leptomeningeal cyst as a name for this disorder should be discarded.

Résumé

Les facteurs déterminants pour l'élargissement progressif des traits de fracture de l'enfant sont: 1. un écartement des fragments d'une fracture survenue dans l'enfance pendant la période de croissance maxima (avant l'âge de un an), — 2. une lésion durale qui peut être très étendue et qui excède habituellement le domaine de la lésion osseuse, — 3. contusion et oedème cérébral près de la fracture avec bombement crânien dans cette région. —La lésion cérébrale locale est généralement sévère et peut entraîner des séquelles complexes: atrophie cérébrale localisée, formation kystique, dilatation ventriculaire localisée et des cicatrices complexes intéressant la duremère, l'arachnoïde et le cerveau. Un kyste lepto-méningé n'est pas indispensable pour le développement de ce syndrome. L'expérimentation confirme par contre l'importance d'une lésion durale de sorte que des interventions réparatrices précoces sont indiquées chez certains patients.

Zusammenfassung

Die röntgenologischen und klinischen Erscheinungen einschließlich der Pathologie der wachsenden Schädelfraktur werden geschildert. Gleichzeitig wird auf tierexperimentelle Untersuchungen hingewiesen, bei denen stets ein Dura-Defekt unterhalb des Knochendefektes vorlag.

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Lende, R.A. Enlarging skull fractures of childhood. Neuroradiology 7, 119–124 (1974). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00344315

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