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Origine et différenciation du tégument d'un Trématode Digénétique: étude ultrastructurale chez Cercaria pectinata (larve de Bacciger bacciger, Fellodistomatidés)

Origin and differentiation of the tegument of digenetic trematodes: Ultrastructural study of Cercaria pectinata (larva of Bacciger bacciger, Fellodistomatidae)

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Summary

The origin of the syncytial tegument of Trematodes has been investigated on developing cercariae.

Cercariae embryos are embedded in a transitory investing syncytium which is shed when the typical tegument is formed. They have a syncytial epidermis, the nuclei of which degenerate early while the cytoplasm remains active: growth, absorption, differentiation of tegumentary spines. Later, “tegumentary cells”, differentiated from parenchyma, form narrow cellular necks which connect with the embryonic epidermis. Thus is realized, in young cercariae, the classical structure of the tegument of Trematodes: a syncytium with two levels, tegumentary cytoplasm and underlaying cellular bodies.

Several types of “tegumentary cells” are connected successively:

  1. a)

    Cystogenic cells (3 types) the secretion of which differs morphologically and histochemically. Their product is released into the tegument of immature or free cercariae as they connect with the syncytium.

  2. b)

    Adult “tegumentary cells” exist, but are not connected in cercariae. Penetration glands differ from cystogenic cells since their product is released outside the tegument, through specialized cellular necks.

Résumé

L'établissement de la structure syncytiale du tégument des Trématodes a été observé chez Cercaria pectinata.

Les embryons de cercaires sont couverts d'un syncytium d'enveloppe qui est exfolié quand le tégument normal est formé.

La cercaire embryonnaire possède un épiderme, syncytium dont les noyaux dégénèrent assez rapidement tandis que le cytoplasme reste actif: accroissement, absorption, différenciation des épines tégumentaires ... Plus tard, des cellules de type tégumentaire, différenciées dans le parenchyme, forment des expansions qui, en se raccordant à l'épiderme embryonnaire, donnent au tégument de la cercaire la structure syncytiale à deux niveaux classique chez les Trématodes.

Plusieurs types de ≪cellules tégumentaires≫ interviennent successivement.

  1. a)

    Les cellules cystogènes (3 types) dont les sécrétions morphologiquement et histochimiquement différentes passent dans le tégument (sensu stricto) des cercaires encore immatures ou libres, au fur et à mesure que ces cellules s'associent au syncytium tégumentaire.

  2. b)

    Les ≪cellules tégumentaires≫ de l'adulte qui seraient déjà différenciées chez la cercaire, mais non fonctionnelles.

Les glandes de pénétration diffèrent des cellules cystogènes car leur sécrétion est déversée directement à l'extérieur par des canaux qui traversent le tégument.

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    Michelle Matricon-Gondran

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Matricon-Gondran, M. Origine et différenciation du tégument d'un Trématode Digénétique: étude ultrastructurale chez Cercaria pectinata (larve de Bacciger bacciger, Fellodistomatidés). Z. Zellforsch. 120, 488–524 (1971). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00340586

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