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Die Feinstruktur des molekularen Rindengraues und ihre physiologische Bedeutung

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Summary

The first part of the paper deals with the fine histology of the CNS as revealed by electron microscopy. The results of electron microscopic examinations of the thin ventricular walls of Scylliorhinus are described. They are in accordance with the findings in the nervous tissue of other animals. It could be shown that in the CNS of vertebrates:

  1. 1.

    There is only a very small extracellular space of about 200 Å width between two adjacent cells or cell processes. The close packing of cells and the absence of any gaps is made possible by a mutual distortioning and flattening of adjacent cell processes as well as by bundling of small fibres.

  2. 2.

    The percentage of extracellular space increases with decreasing diameter of fibres. If the mean diameter of the fibres is about 0,08–0,1 μ, the percentage of extracellular space is about 30% of the total volume, whereas if the mean diameter of the fibres is about 1 μ, it is only 3,5%. According to the calculated relationship between fibre diameter and amount of extracellular space the measurements in electron micrographs show, that in nervous tissue the mean percentage of extracellular space does not exceed 5% of the total volume.

  3. 3.

    The diameter of the smallest fibres, which could be found, was about 0,2 μ.

  4. 4.

    It is not yet possible to discriminate between unmyelinated neurites and dendrites in electron micrographs. Most of the numerous lamellae-like and very small processes seem to be final branchings of glial cell processes.

The second part of the paper deals with functional implications of the electron microscopic findings and with their relation to neurophysiology. The following results were obtained:

  1. 1.

    The specific electrical resistance of nervous tissue was calculated using the values for extracellular space obtained by measurements of electron micrographs. There is a satisfactory accordance between the calculated values and the experimentally obtained data.

  2. 2.

    The morphological findings concerning the percentage of extracellular space and amount of glia in the nervous tissue allow a calculation of the K+ content of the brain, provided that the intra- and extracellular concentrations of K+ are known. The calculated value is in accordance with direct measurements of the K+ content of the brain.

  3. 3.

    In spite of the extreme smallness of the extracellular space ephaptic spreading of excitation on resting cells is very unlikely to occur. Under physiological conditions it is hindered by peculiar properties of the dendritic membranes, by the small amplitude of that portion of the action potential, which can be measured extracellularly, and by the comparatively high resistance of the cell membranes. It cannot be excluded, however, that excited cells may influence the thresholds and firing frequencies of adjacent cells.

  4. 4.

    The known measurements of after-potentials give no indication that the excitation of central neurones leads to an accumulation of K+-ions in the small extracellular space. It is quite possible that the composition of the extracellular fluid is kept constant by the glial cells.

  5. 5.

    Finally the implications of the fiber measurements are discussed with regard to general aspects of information transfer, synaptic transmission, spreading of potentials and neuronal metabolism.

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  1. Anatomischen Institut Universität Kiel, Deutschland

    Ernst Horstmann & Hans Meves

  2. Physiologischen Institut Universität Kiel, Deutschland

    Ernst Horstmann & Hans Meves

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  1. Ernst Horstmann
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Herrn Prof. Dr. Kurt Goerttler zum 60. Geburtstag gewidmet.

Die morphologischen Untersuchungen wurden mit Unterstützung durch die Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft durchgeführt.

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Horstmann, E., Meves, H. Die Feinstruktur des molekularen Rindengraues und ihre physiologische Bedeutung. Zeitschrift füur Zellforschung 49, 569–604 (1959). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00338866

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