Abstract
The relationship between intracranial pressure or cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP), cerebral blood flow, and brain energy failure is unpredictable throughout the development of acute intracranial hypertension. The purpose of the present study was to correlate intracranial pressure with cerebral blood flow velocities and brain energy metabolism in adult rabbits. The acute intracranial hypertension was achieved by pressure transmission. Transcranial Doppler waveforms were obtained from the basilar artery for monitoring cerebral blood flow velocities. 31P-Magnetic resonance spectroscopy was used to assess brain energy metabolism. The diastolic blood flow velocity began to decrease significantly (34.5%) when the intracranial pressure was equal to half the diastolic arterial pressure for a CPP of 36±18 mmHg. Circulatory cerebral resistances increased significantly (55%) for the same value of CPP. Diastolic frequency was near zero when intracranial pressure approached diastolic arterial pressure (51±12 mmHg), corresponding to a CPP of 30±15 mmHg. At the same time, only a tendency for brain energy metabolism to decrease was observed. Consequently, transcranial Doppler sonography could be proposed for the followup of intracranial hypertension. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy could help to monitor these patients and could be especially proposed in case of high intracranial pressure (near diastolic arterial pressure). The joint ue of these two methods would help in making appropriate therapeutic decision in humans.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Aaslid R (1986) (ed) Transcranial Doppler sonography. Springer, Wien New York
Behar KL, Hollander JA den, Petroff OAC, Hetherington HP, Prichard JW, Shulman RG (1985) Effects of hypoglycemic encephalopathy upon amino acids, high energy phosphates, and pH in the rat brain in vivo: detection by sequential 1H and 31P NMR spectroscopy. J Neurochem 44: 1045–1055
Bray JM de, Saumet JL, Berson M, Leftheriothis G, Pourcelot L (1992) Acute intracranial hypertension and basilar artery blood flow velocity recorded by transcranial Doppler sonography. An experimental study in rabbits. Clin Physiol 12: 19–27
Cady EB, Dawson MJ, Hope PL, Tofts PS, Costello AM de, Delpy DT, Reynolds EOR, Wilkie DR (1983) Non-invasive investigation of cerebral metabolism in newborn infants by phosphorus nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Lancet 1: 1059–1062
Decorps M, Lebas JF, Leviel JL, Confort S, Remy C, Benabid AL (1984) Analysis of brain metabolism changes induced by acute potassium cyanide intoxication by 31P-NMR in vivo using chronically implanted surface coils. FEBS Lett 168: 1–6
Gonzalez-Mendez R, McNeill A, Gregory GA, Wall SD, Gooding CA, Litt L, James TL (1985) Effects of hypoxic hypoxia on cerebral phosphates metabolites and pH in the anesthetized infant rabbit. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 5: 512–516
Grubb RL, Raichle M, Phelps ME, Ratcheson RA (1975) Effects of increased intracranial pressure on cerebral blood volume, blood flow, and oxygen utilisation in monkeys. J Neurosurg 43: 385–398
Hassler W, Steinmetz H, Gawlowski J (1988) Transcranial Doppler ultrasonography in raised intracranial pressure and in intracranial circulatory arrest. J Neurosurg 68: 745–750
Hayashi N, Tsubokawa T, Tamura T, Makiyama Y, Kumakawa H (1989) Changes of CSF migration, energy metabolism and high molecular protein of the neuron in hydrostatic intracranial hypertension. In: Hoff JT, Betz AL (eds) Intracranial pressure VII. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 416–418
Johnston IH, Rowan JO, Harper AM, Jennett WB (1972) Raised intracranial pressure and cerebral blood flow. I. Cisterna magna infusion in primates. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 35: 285–296
Kallquist A, Siesjo BK, Zwetnow N (1969) Effects of increased intracranial pressure on cerebral blood flow and on cerebral venous pO2, pCO2, pH, lactate and pyruvate in dogs. Acta Physiol Scand 75: 267–275
Luce JM, Huseby JS, Kirk W, Butler J (1982) A starling resistor regulates cerebral venous outflow in dogs. J Appl Physiol Resp Environ Exerc Physiol 6: 1496–1503
Martin GB, Nowak RM, Paradis N, Rosenberg J, Walton D, Smith M, Eisiminger R, Welch KMA (1990) Characterization of cerebral energetics and brain pH by 31P spectroscopy after graded canine cardiac arrest and bypass reperfusion. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 10: 221–226
Miller JD, Stanek A, Langfitt TW (1972) Concepts of cerebral perfusion pressure and vascular compression during intracranial hypertension. Prog Brain Res 35: 411–432
Nagao S, Sunami N, Tsutsui T, Honma Y, Momma F, Nishura T, Nishimoto A (1984) Acute intracranial hypertension and brainstem blood flow. J Neurosurg 60: 566–571
Nelson RJ, Perry S, Hames TK (1990) Transcranial Doppler ultrasound studies of cerebral autoregulation and subarachnoid hemorrhage in the rabbit. J Neurosurg 73: 601–610
Petroff OAC, Prichard JW, Behar KL, Alger JR, Shulman RG (1984) In vivo phosphorus nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy in status epilepticus. Ann Neurol 16: 61–85
Pourcelot L (1974) Applications cliniques de l'examen Doppler transcutané. In: Peronneau P (ed) Vélocimétrie ultrasonore Doppler. Séminaire INSERM, Paris, pp 213–240
Prichard JW, Alger JR, Behar KL, Petroff OAC, Shuman RG (1983) Cerebral metabolite studies in vivo by 31P NMR. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 80: 2748–2751
Saliba E, Santini JJ, Arbeille P, Chergui A, Gold F, Pourcelot L, Laugier J (1985) Mesure non invasive du flux sanguin cérébral chez le nourrisson hydrocéphale. Arch Fr Pédiatr 42: 97–102
Sutton LN, McLaughlin AC, Kemp W, Schnall MD, Cho BK, Langfitt TW, Chance B (1987) Effects of increased ICP on brain phosphocreatine and lactate by simultaneous 1H and 31P NMR spectroscopy. J Neurosurg 67: 381–386
Sutton LN, McLaughlin AC, Dante S, Kotapka M, Sinwell T, Mills E (1990) Cerebral venous oxygen content as a measure of brain energy metabolism with increased intracranial pressure and hyperventilation. J Neurosurg 73: 927–932
Tranquart F, Berson M, Bodard S, Roncin A, Pourcelot L (1992) Evaluation of cerebral blood flow in rabbits with transcranial Doppler sonography: first results. Ultrasound Med Biol 17: 815–818
Younkin DP, Delivoria-Papadopoulos M, Leonard JC, Subramanian VH, Eleff S, Leigh JS, Chance B (1984) Unique aspects of human newborn metabolism evaluated with phosphorus nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Ann Neurol 16: 581–586
Zwetnow N (1970) Effects of increased cerebrospinal fluid pressure on the blood flow and on the energy metabolism of the brain. Acta Physiol Scand S339: 1–30
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Tranquart, F., de Bray, J.M., Berson, M. et al. Concurrent changes in intracranial pressure, cerebral blood flow velocity, and brain energy metabolism in rabbits with acute intracranial hypertension. Child's Nerv Syst 10, 285–292 (1994). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00335165
Received:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00335165