Abstract
Heterochromatin distribution and structural differentiation of somatic chromosomes of five common wheat cultivars — Chinese Spring, Wichita, Cheyenne, Timstein, and Hope — were studied by an acetocarmine/N-banding technique. Detailed morphological observations on acetocarmine stained somatic chromosomes of Chinese Spring were made on all A genome chromosomes (except 1A), all B genome chromosomes, and chromosomes 1D, 2D, and 7D. N-banding patterns of chromosomes 2A, 3A, 5A, 6A, 1D, 2D, and 7D were described for the first time. Substitution lines of 21 individual chromosomes each of Cheyenne, Timstein, and Hope in Chinese Spring were analyzed by N-banding. A high frequency of N-band polymorphism was observed, especially for most of the B genome chromosomes. Chromosomes 3A, 5A, 2D, and 7D showed a constant banding pattern. Three cases of doubtful substitutions, Hope 2A, 2B, and Timstein 7A, and several cases of incomplete and chromosomally modified substitutions were observed. The reduced level of chromosome pairing that is often observed in intercultivar hybrids of wheat may be due to heterochromatic differentiation, genic and structural heterozygosity, or hybrid dysgenesis.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Dvořák J, McGuire PE (1981) Nonstructural chromosome differentiation among wheat cultivars, with special reference to differentiation of chromosomes in related species. Genetics 97:391–414
Gerlach WL (1977) N-banded karyotypes of wheat species. Chromosoma 62:49–56
Gerlach WL, Peacock WJ (1980) Chromosomal locations of highly repeated DNA sequences in wheat. Heredity 44:269–276
Gill BS, Kimber G (1974) Giemsa C-banding and the evolution of wheat. Proc Natl Acad Sci 71:4086–4090
Gill BS, Morris R, Schmidt JW, Maan SS (1963) Meiotic studies on chromosome morphology in the Wichita wheat variety by means of monosomics. Can J Genet Cytol 5:326–337
Hutchinson J, Lonsdale DM (1982) The chromosomal distribution of cloned highly repetitive sequences from hexaploid wheat. Heredity 48:341–376
Jewell DC (1981) Recognition of two types of positive staining chromosomal material by manipulation of critical steps in the N-banding technique. Stain Technol 56:227–234
Kidwell MG (1983) Evolution of hybrid dysgenesis determinants in Drosophila melanogaster. Proc Natl Acad Sci 80:1655–1659
Kimber G (1971) The evolution of chromosome arm ratio in wheat. Can J Genet Cytol 13:404–409
Larson R, Kimber G (1973) The arm ratio of chromosome 5B from Triticum aestivum var. Chinese Spring at mitosis and meiosis. Hereditas 73:316–318
Lukaszewski AJ, Gustafson JP (1983) Translocations and modifications of chromosomes in triticale × wheat hybrids. Theor Appl Genet 64:239–248
Morris R, Schmidt JW, Mattern PJ, Johnson VA (1966) Chromosomal location of genes for flour quality in the wheat variety ‘Cheyenne’ using substitution lines. Crop Sci 6:119–122
Morrison JW (1953) Chromosome behavior in wheat monosomics. Heredity 7:203–217
Nishikawa K, Furuta Y (1978) DNA content of nucleus and individual chromosomes and its evolutionary significance. Proc 5th Int Wheat Genet Symp, New Delhi, India pp 133–238
Schulz Schaeffer J, Haun CR (1961) The chromosomes of hexaploid common wheat, Triticum aestivum L. Z Pflanzenzücht 46:112–124
Seal AG (1982) C-banded wheat chromosomes in wheat and triticale. Theor Appl Genet 63:39–47
Seal AG, Bennett MD (1982) Preferential C-banding of wheat or rye chromosomes. Theor Appl Genet 63:227–233
Sears ER (1954) The aneuploids of common wheat. Mo Agr Exp Sta Res Bull 572:58
Sears ER, Sears LM (1978) The telocentric chromosomes of common wheat. Proc 5th Int Wheat Genet Symp, New Delhi, India, pp 389–407
Sears ER, Loegering WQ, Rodenhiser HA (1957) Identification of chromosomes carrying genes for stem rust resistance in four varieties of wheat. Agron J 49:208–212
Stack SM (1974) Differential Giemsa staining of kinetochores and nucleolus organizer heterochromatin in mitotic chromosomes of higher plants. Chromosoma 47:361–378
Zeller FJ (1969) Versuch einer Identifizierung der somatischen Chromosomen des Weihenstephaner Winterweizenzuchtstammes W 565 anhand seines Karyogramms. Z Pflanzenzücht 61:275–287
Zurabishvili TG, Badaev NS, Iordansky AB (1978) Linear differentiation of cereal chromosomes. II. Polyploid wheats. Theor Appl Genet 51:201–210
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Ryu Endo, T., Gill, B.S. Somatic karyotype, heterochromatin distribution, and nature of chromosome differentiation in common wheat, Triticum aestivum L. em Thell. Chromosoma 89, 361–369 (1984). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00331253
Received:
Revised:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00331253