Abstract
Differential staining of the sister-chromatids of meiotic chromosomes of Locusta migratoria was achieved following abdominal implantation of BrdU tablets and fluorescent plus Giemsa (FPG) staining of fixed and squashed testicular follicles. This paper presents a detailed analysis of crossover exchanges between light and dark chromatids in monochiasmate bivalents. Approximately half the bivalents studied had visible exchanges of dark and light chromatids associated with the chiasmata, as expected if chiasmata originate by breakage and rejoining exchange events between randomly selected non-sister chromatids. In all the bivalents studied the visible crossover exchanges coincided exactly with chiasmata thus showing that chiasma movement (terminalisation) does not occur subsequent to crossing-over in Locusta migratoria, and that chiasmata are therefore accurate indicators of crossing over. It was noted that a proportion (9.5%) of chiasmata were associated with apparently anomalous exchanges of dark and light chromatids which could not be explained by conventional crossing-over. Various hypotheses for the origin of these anomalous exchanges are considered.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Allen, J.W., Latt, S.A.: Analysis of sister chromatid exchange formation in vivo in mouse spermatogonia as a new test system for environmental mutagens. Nature (Lond.) 260, 449–451 (1976a)
Allen J.W., Latt, S.A.: In vivo BrdU 33258 Hoechst analysis of DNA replication kinetics and sister chromatid exchange formation in mouse somatic and meiotic cells. Chromosoma (Berl.) 58, 325–340 (1976b)
Allen, J.W., Shuler, C.F., Mendes, R.W., Latt, S.A.: A simplified technique for in vivo analysis of sister-chromatid exchanges using 5-bromodeoxyuridine tablets. Cytogenet. Cell Genet. 18, 231–237 (1977)
Bloom, C.E., Hsu, T.C.: Differential fluorescence of sister chromatids in chicken embryos exposed to 5-bromodeoxyuridine. Chromosoma (Berl.) 51, 261–267 (1975)
Brown, S.W., Zohary, D.: The relationship of chiasmata and crossing-over in Lilium formosanum. Genetics 40, 850–873 (1955)
Buss, M.E., Henderson, S.A.: Induced bivalent interlocking and the course of meiotic chromosome synapsis. Nature (Lond.) New Biol. 234, 243–246 (1971)
Church, K., Wimber, D.E.: Meiosis in Ornithogalum virens (Liliaceae): Meiotic timing and segregation of H3-thymidine labelled chromosomes. Canad. J. Genet. Cytol. 11, 573–581 (1969)
Craig-Cameron, T., Jones, G.H.: The analysis of exchanges in tritium labelled meiotic chromosomes. I. Schistocerca gregaria. Heredity 25, 223–232 (1970)
Darlington, C.D.: Chromosome behaviour and structural hybridity in the Tradescantiae. J. Genet. 21, 207–286 (1929)
Darlington, C.D.: Recent advances in cytology. London: J. and A. Churchill 1932
Fox, D.P.: The control of chiasma distribution in the locust, Schistocerca gregaria (Forskal). Chromosoma (Berl). 43, 289–328 (1973)
Henderson, S.A.: Chiasma distribution at diplotene in a locust. Heredity 18, 173–190 (1963)
Henderson, S.A.: The time and place of meiotic crossing-over. Annu. Rev. Genet. 4, 295–324 (1970)
Hultén, M.: Chiasma distribution at diakinesis in the normal human male. Hereditas (Lund) 76, 55–78 (1974)
John, B.: Myths and mechanisms of meiosis. Chromosoma (Berl.) 54, 295–325 (1976)
John, B., Hewitt, G.M.: Karyotype stability and DNA variability in the Acrididae. Chromosoma (Berl.) 20, 155–172 (1966)
Jones, G.H.: The analysis of exchanges in tritium-labelled meiotic chromosomes. II. Stethophyma grossum. Chromosoma (Berl.) 34, 367–382 (1971)
Jones, G.H.: A test for early terminalisation of chiasmata in diplotene spermatocytes of Schistocerca gregaria. Chromosoma (Berl.) 63, 287–294 (1977)
Jones, G.H.: Giemsa C-banding of rye meiotic chromosomes and the nature of “terminal” chiasmata. Chromosoma (Berl.) 66, 45–57 (1978)
Kato, H.: Spontaneous sister chromatid exchanges detected by a BUdR-labelling method. Nature (Lond.) 251, 70–72 (1974)
Kato, H.: Spontaneous and induced sister chromatid exchanges as revealed by the BUdR-labelling method. Int. Rev. Cytol. 49, 55–97 (1977)
Kayano, H.: Chiasma studies in structural hybrids, III. Reductional and equational separation in Disporum sessile. Cytologia (Tokyo) 25, 461–467 (1960)
Kihlman, B.A., Kronberg, D.: Sister chromatid exchanges in Vicia faba. I. Demonstration by a modified fluorescent plus Giemsa (FPG) technique. Chromosoma (Berl.) 51, 1–10 (1975)
Kligerman, A.D., Bloom, S.E.: Sister chromatid differentiation and exchanges in adult mudminnows (Umbra limi) after in vivo exposure to 5-bromodeoxyuridine. Chromosoma (Berl.) 56, 101–109 (1976)
Lamb, B.C.: The use of gene conversion to study synaptinemal complex structure and molecular details of chromatid pairing in meiosis. Molec. gen. Genet. 157, 31–37 (1977)
Lamb, B.C., Wickramaratne, M.R.T.: Corresponding-site interference, synaptinemal complex structure and 8+:om and 7+:lm octads from wild × mutant crosses of Ascobolus immersus. Genet. Res. (Camb.) 22, 113–124 (1973)
Mather, K.: The determination of position in crossing-over. III. The evidence of metaphase chiasmata. J. Genet. 39, 205–223 (1940)
Moens, P.B.: Quantitative electron microscopy of chromosome organisation at meiotic prophase. Cold Spr. Harb. Symp. quant. Biol. 38, 99–107 (1973)
Nolte, D.J.: The nuclear phenotype of locusts. Chromosoma (Berl.) 15, 367–388 (1964)
Peacock, W.J.: Replication, recombination and chiasmata in Goniaea australasiae (Orthoptera: Acrididae). Genetics 65, 593–617 (1970)
Pera, F., Mattias, P.: Labelling of DNA and differential sister chromatid staining after BrdU treatment in vivo. Chromosoma (Berl.) 57, 13–18 (1976)
Perry, P., Wolff, S.: New Giemsa method for the differential staining of sister chromatids. Nature (Lond.) 251, 156–158 (1974)
Southern, D.I.: Chiasma distribution in truxaline grasshoppers. Chromosoma (Berl.) 22, 164–191 (1967)
Taylor, J.H.: Distribution of tritium-labelled DNA among chromosomes during meiosis. I. Spermatogenesis in the grasshopper. J. Cell Biol. 25, 57–67 (1965)
Tease, C.: Cytological detection of crossing-over in BUdR substituted meiotic chromosomes using the fluorescent plus Giemsa technique. Nature (Lond.) 272, 823–824 (1978)
Vogel, W., Bauknecht, T.T.: Differential chromatid staining by in vivo treatment as a mutagenicity test system. Nature (Lond.) 260, 448–449 (1976)
White, M.J.D.: The influence of temperature on chiasma frequency. J. Genet. 29, 203–215 (1934)
White, M.J.D.: Animal cytology and evolution, 3rd edit. Cambridge: University Press 1973
Whitehouse, H.L.K.: Towards an understanding of the mechanism of heredity. London: Edward Arnold 1965
Wolff, S., Perry, P.: Differential Giemsa staining of sister chromatids and the study of sister chromatid exchange without autoradiography. Chromosoma (Berl.) 48, 341–353 (1974)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Tease, C., Jones, G.H. Analysis of exchanges in differentially stained meiotic chromosomes of Locusta migratoria after BrdU-substitution and FPG staining. Chromosoma 69, 163–178 (1978). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00329915
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00329915