Skip to main content
Log in

Relative measures of geographic range size: empirical comparisons

  • Population Ecology
  • Published:
Oecologia Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Many different measures of range size are used for both empirical and conservation purposes. The possible consequences of the particular methods used in determining observed patterns of results are seldom considered. Using species of butterflies and freshwater molluses in Britain, we investigate the relationship between the range sizes measured by nine different methods and the sets of rare species they distinguish. A comparison of range sizes measured at different scales. Britain and Europe, is also made for the butterflies. We find that for many studies involving range size the various measures of range size are interchangeable. With respect to the identification of rare species the results are not as clear.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Anderson S (1984) Geographic ranges of North American birds. Am Mus Nov 2785: 1–17

    Google Scholar 

  • Brown JH (1984) On the relationship between abundance and distribution of species. Am Nat 124: 255–279

    Google Scholar 

  • Gaston K J (1990) Patterns in the geographical ranges of species. Biol Rev 65: 105–129

    Google Scholar 

  • Gaston KJ (1991) How large is a species' geographic range? Oikos 61: 434–438

    Google Scholar 

  • Gaston KJ (1994a) Rarity Chapman and Hall, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Gaston KJ (1994b) Measuring geographic range sizes. Ecography 17: 198–205

    Google Scholar 

  • Gaston KJ, Lawton JH (1990) Effects of scale and habitat on the relationship between regional distribution and local abundance. Oikos 58: 329–335

    Google Scholar 

  • Harding PT, Sheail J (1992) The Biological Records Centre: a pioneer in data gathering and retrieval. In: PT Harding (ed) Biological recording of changes in British wildlife. HMSO, London, pp 5–19

    Google Scholar 

  • Hengeveld R (1990) Dynamic biogeography. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge

    Google Scholar 

  • Hengeveld R, Haeck J (1981) The distribution of abundance II. Models and implications. Proc K Ned Akad Wet C84: 257–284

    Google Scholar 

  • Hengeveld R, Haeck J (1982) The distribution of abundance. I. Measurements. J Biogeogr 9: 303–316

    Google Scholar 

  • Higgins LG, Riley ND (1983) A field guide to the butterflies of Britain and Europe, 5th edn. Collins, London

    Google Scholar 

  • H M Government (1994) Biodiversity: the UK action plan. HMSO, London

    Google Scholar 

  • ICBP (1992) Putting biodiversity on the map: priority areas for global conservation. International Council for Bird Preservation, Cambridge

    Google Scholar 

  • Jaccard P (1912) The distribution of the flora in the alpine zone. New Phytol 11: 37–50

    Google Scholar 

  • Lawton JH (1994) Population dynamic principles. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B 343: 61–68

    Google Scholar 

  • Mace GM (1994) Classifying threatened species: means and ends. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B 343: 91–97

    Google Scholar 

  • Perring FH, Farrell L (1983) British Red Data Books. 1. Vascular plants. Royal Society for Nature Conservation, Nettleham

    Google Scholar 

  • Pollard E (1991) Changes in the flight pattern of the hedge brown butterfly Pyronia tithonus during range expansion. J Anim Ecol 60: 737–748

    Google Scholar 

  • Rapoport EH (1982) Areography: geographical strategies of species. Pergamon, Oxford.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schoener TW (1987) The geographical distribution of rarity. Oecologia 74: 161–117

    Google Scholar 

  • Taylor JW (1907) Monograph of the land and freshwater Mollusca of the British Isles. Taylor Bros, Leeds

    Google Scholar 

  • Thomas CD, Mallorie HC (1985) Rarity, species richness and conservation: butterflies of the Atlas Mountains in Morocco. Biol Conserv 33: 95–117

    Google Scholar 

  • Thomas JA (1991) Rare species conservation: case studies of European butterflies. In Spellerberg IF, Goldsmith FB, Morris MG (eds) The scientific management of temperate communities for conservation. 31st. Symposium of the British Ecological Society. Blackwell, Oxford, pp 149–198

    Google Scholar 

  • Virkkala R (1993) Ranges of northern forest passerines: a fractal analysis. Oikos 67: 218–226

    Google Scholar 

  • Williams PH (1992) WORLDMAP priority areas for biodiversity. Using version 3. Privately distributed, London

  • Williamson MH, Lawton JH (1991) Fractal geometry of ecological habitats. In: Bell SS, McCoy ED, Mushinsky HR (eds) Habitat structure: the physical arrangement of objects in space. Chapman and Hall, London, pp 69–86

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Quinn, R.M., Gaston, K.J. & Arnold, H.R. Relative measures of geographic range size: empirical comparisons. Oecologia 107, 179–188 (1996). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00327901

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00327901

Key words

Navigation