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Chromosome differentiation, hybrid breakdown and the maintenance of a narrow hybrid zone in Caledia

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A cytogenetic analysis has been performed on hybrids, which include F2 and backcross generations, between two chromosomally differentiated taxa of the grasshopper Caledia captiva. These two taxa differ by a series of pericentric rearrangements which involve seven or eight members of the genome (2n=11II+XO/XX). The chromosomally differentiated taxa form a very narrow hybrid zone in S.E. Queensland in which the average change in chromosome frequency is greater than 50% over a distance of only 200 metres. Hybridisation studies were directed towards explaining both the narrowness of the zone and the role of the chromosomal rearrangements in its maintenance. — The F1 generation does not differ from the parental taxa in its fertility or viability. However, the F2 generation is completely inviable and in the backcross generations viability ranges from 0 to 50%. — The inviability in these hybrids results from embryonic breakdown due to arrested development during embryogenesis. In both the F2 and backcross progeny 10 to 20% of the embryos attain full development prior to hatching but fail to emerge from the egg. The persistence of the thick white cuticle is considered to be the factor responsible for the hatching failure and may be related to a malfunction in chitinase production within the pleuropodia, which normally digests this cuticular layer. — Chromosomal analysis of the segregation patterns of the seven autosomal rearrangements among the viable backcross progeny revealed little evidence of any major differential elimination of the rearrangements to account for the observed levels of embryonic mortality. Rather, it is considered that the mortality is induced by the generation of novel, imbalanced recombinant chromosomes by the F1 parent. Whether or not the unbalanced genotypes arise as a consequence of genic substitution differences accumulated during allopatry or an effect of chromosomal heterozygosity, is difficult to distinguish at this stage. However, an analysis of chiasma distribution in F1 males, which are heterozygous for seven autosomal pericentric rearrangements, has shown that the chiasma pattern in these males is very different to that seen in either parents. It is a possibility that this redistribution of chiasmata is responsible for generating novel genotypes which fail to function during embryogenesis. — In terms of the structure of the hybrid zone, the complete failure of the F2 generation provides an immediate explanation for the observed abrupt change in karyotypic frequency of 50% for each of the diagnostic chromosomes. It is considered that the incidence of embryonic breakdown within the hybrid zone will diminish with time due to the survival of some of the backcross progeny which will gradually reduce the frequency of F1 production. — The observed asymmetry of the hybrid zone cannot be explained from the hybridisation data since there is no evidence of differential survival between backcrosses to the Moreton and Torresian parents.

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  1. Department of Population Biology, Research School of Biological Sciences, Australian National University, A.C.T. 2601, Canberra City, Australia

    David D. Shaw & Pat Wilkinson

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  1. David D. Shaw
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Shaw, D.D., Wilkinson, P. Chromosome differentiation, hybrid breakdown and the maintenance of a narrow hybrid zone in Caledia . Chromosoma 80, 1–31 (1980). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00327563

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