Abstract
X-ray and neutron reflectivity measurements provide a wealth of information on thickness and interfacial properties on the nanometer scale. This method is therefore well suited for the study of nano-structured thin films and superlattices. Neutrons provide a different contrast between the elements than X-rays and, in addition, are sensitive to the magnetization in the sample. Using polarized neutrons, magnetic as well as chemical profiles can be probed. In this review a basic introduction into the theory of X-ray and neutron reflectivity is provided along with some recent examples including the oxidation of Fe films and the structural and magnetic properties of Co/Cu superlattices.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
J.D. Jackson: Classical Electrodynamics (Wiley, New York 1975)
M. Born, E. Wolf: Principles of Optics (Pergamon, New York 1980)
L.G. Parratt: Phys. Rev. 95, 359 (1954)
J.A. Nielsen: In Structure and Dynamics of Surfaces II, ed. by W. Schommers, P. Blanckenhagen, Topics Curr. Phys., Vol. 43 (Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg 1987) p. 181
H. Kiessig: Ann. Phys. (Leipzig) 10, 715, 769 (1931)
D.K.G. de Boer: Appl. Phys. A 58, 169 (1994)
L. Névot, P. Croce: Rev. Phys. Appl. 15, 761 (1980)
S.K. Sinha, E.B. Sirota, S. Garoff, H.B. Stanley: Phys. Rev. B 38, 2297 (1988)
D.K.G. de Boer: Phys. Rev. B, to be published
P. Bödeker, A. Abromeit, K. Bröhl, P. Sonntag, N. Metoki, H. Zabel: Phys. Rev. B 47, 2352 (1993) A. Stierle: Diploma Thesis, Ruhr-Universität Bochum (1991)
A. Schreyer, J.F. Ankner, C.F. Majkrzak, H. Zabel: Appl. Phys. A (submitted)
Y. Yoneda: Phys. Rev. 131, 2010 (1963)
W. Marshall, S.W. Lovesey: Theory of Thermal Neutron Scattering (Clarendon, Oxford 1971)
G.H. Vineyard: Phys. Rev. B 50, 4146 (1982) H. Dosch: Phys. Rev. B 35, 2137 (1987)
M.K. Sanyal, S.K. Sinha, A. Gibaud, S.K. Satija, C.F. Majkrzak, H. Homma: In Surface X-Ray and Neutron Scattering, ed. by H. Zabel, I.K. Robinson, Springer Proc. Phys., Vol. 61 (Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg 1991) p. 91
V. Holy, J. Kubena, I. Ohlidal, K. Lischka, W. Plotz: Phys. Rev. B 47, 15896 (1993)
T. Mühge, A. Stierle, N. Metoki, H. Zabel, U. Pietsch: Appl. Phys. A (submitted)
M. Bienfait, J.M. Gay (eds.): Proc. Int'l Conf. on Surface and Thin Film Studies Using Glanging-Incidence X-Ray and Neutron Scattering, Marseille (1998). Colloq. Phys. C 7 (1989)
H. Zabel, I.K. Robinson (eds.): Surface X-Ray and Neutron Scattering, Springer Proc. Phys., Vol. 61 (Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg 1991)
V.V. Pasyuk, H.-J. Lauter (eds.): Surface X-Ray and Neutron Scattering, Physica B (1994) (in press)
P.S. Pershan: Colloq. Phys. 50, C7 Suppl. No. 10 (1989)
T.P. Russel, A. Karim, A. Mansour, G.P. Felcher: Macromolecules 21, 1890 (1988) H.J. Merle, R. Weitz, U. Pietsch, I.R. Peterson: Thin Solid Films 9, 208 (1993)
F. Stanglmeier, B. Lengeler, W. Weber, H. Göbel, M. Schuster: Acta Crystallogr. A 48, 626 (1992)
A. Stierle, A. Abromeit, N. Metoki, H. Zabel: J. Appl. Phys. 73, 4808 (1993)
X. Jiang, T.H. Metzger, J. Peisl: Appl. Phys. Lett. 61, 904 (1992)
M. Tolan, G. König, L. Brügemann, W. Press, F. Brinkop, J.P. Kotthaus: Europhys. Lett. 20, 223 (1992)
A. Stierle, T. Mühge, H. Zabel: J. Mater. Res. (in press)
G.P. Felcher, R.T. Kampwirth, K.E. Gray, R. Felici: Phys. Rev. Lett. 52, 1539 (1984)
H. Zhang, J.W. Lynn: Phys. Rev. Lett. 70, 77 (1993)
O. Schärpf: J. Appl. Crystallogr. 11, 631 (1978)
G.P. Felcher, R.O. Killeke, R.K. Crawford, J. Haumann, R. Kleb, G. Ostrowski: Rev. Sci. Instrum. 58, 609 (1987)
C.F. Majkrzak, N.F. Berk: Phys. Rev. B 40, 371 (1989)
M. Rührig, R Schäfer, A. Hubert, R. Mosler, J.A. Wolf, S. Demokritov, P. Grünberg: Phys. Status Solidi (a) 125, 635 (1991)
A. Fuß, S. Demokritov, P. Grünberg, W. Zinn: J. Mag. Mag. Mater. 103, L221 (1992)
J.C. Slonczewski: Phys. Rev. Lett. 67, 3172 (1991)
A. Schreyer, Th. Zeidler, Ch. Morawe, N. Metoki, H. Zabel, J.F. Ankner, C.F. Majkrzak: J. Appl. Phys. 73, 7616 (1993)
A. Schreyer, K. Bröhl, J.F. Ankner, C.F. Majkrzak, Th. Zeidler, P. Bödeker, N. Metoki, H. Zabel: Phys. Rev. B 47, 15334 (1993)
A. Schreyer, J.F. Ankner, H. Zabel, C.F. Majkrzak: Physica B (in press)