Summary
Mössbauer spectroscopy can be performed in transmission and backscattering geometry. The backscattered conversion electrons and X-rays can be used for nondestructive phase analysis on surfaces. Based on their different interactions in materials, they enable analyses of different depths. It is of particular interest to measure backscattering radiation and γ-ray transmission simultaneously. Based on the hyperfine parameters of the Mössbauer spectra information about phases, structures, defects and magnetic properties can be obtained. Besides the qualitative analysis in general an accurate quantitative phase analysis is possible. For example spectra of laser treated alloys are shown. It is the purpose of this note to demonstrate the use of these different types of radiation (electrons, X-ray and γ-ray) in analyzing surface phenomena.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Steen WM (1988) In: Sossenheimer H, Sepold G (eds) Proc European Conference Laser Treatment of Materials. DVS-Verlag, Düsseldorf, p 60–64
Amende W (1985) Härten von Werkstoffen und Bauteilen des Maschinenbaus mit dem Hochleistungslaser. VDI-Verlag, Düsseldorf
Mordike BL (1987) Laser treatment of materials. DGM Informationsgesellschaft Verlag, Oberursel
Bergmann HW, Mordike BL (1980) Z Metallkd 71:658–665
Bergmann HW, Mordike BL (1986) Oberflächenverglasen durch Laserstrahlschmelzen. Forschungsbericht T86-072 des BMFT, Fachinformationszentrum, Karlsruhe
Carbucicchio DM, Palombarini G (1985) Thin Solid Films 126:293–298
Schaaf P, Bauer Ph, Gonser U (1989) Z Metallkd 80:77–82
Blaes L, Bauer Ph, Gonser U, Kern R (1988) Z Metallkd 79:278–281
Kern R, Theiner WA, Schaaf P, Gonser U (1989) In: Höller P, Hauk V, Dobmann G, Ruud CO, Green RE (eds) Nondestructive characterization of materials, Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, p 598–605
Schaaf P, Biehl V, Gonser U, Bamberger M, Langohr M, Maisenhälder F (1990) Hyperf Interact 57:2095–2100
Schaaf P, Bauer Ph, Gonser U (1989) Hyperf Interact 46:541–548
Mössbauer RL (1958) Z Phys 151:124–143
Gonser U (1975) Mössbauer spectroscopy. Topics in Applied Physics, vol 5. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York
Gonser U (1981) Mössbauer spectroscopy II. Topics in Current Physics, vol 25. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York
Gonser U (1986) In: Gonser U (ed) Microscopic methods in metals. Topics in Current Physics, vol 40. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, p 409–446
Wegener H (1965) Der Mössbauer-Effekt und seine Anwendungen in Physik und Chemie. Bibliographisches Institut, Mannheim
Aubertin F, Abel S, Wagner G, Schaaf P, Gonser U (1989) Hyperf Interact 45:379–398
Blaes L, Wagner HG, Gonser U, Welsch J, Sutor J (1986) Hyperf Interact 29:1571–1574
Nasu S, Gonser U (1980) J Phys (Paris) 41:C8-690–693
Gonser U, Ackermann M, Wagner HG (1983) J Magn Magn Mater, 31–34:1605–1607
Wagner FE (1976) J Phys (Paris) 37:C6-673–689
Schaaf P, Blaes L, Welsch J, Jacoby H, Aubertin F, Gonser U (1990) Hyperf Interact 58:2541–2546
Schaaf P, Gonser U (1990) Hyperf Interact 57:2101–2104
Schubert E, Bergmann HW (1989) Opto Elektr Mag 5:334–342
Bergmann HW, Schubert E, Schmatjko KJ, Dembowski J (1989) Thin Solid Films 174:33–38
Hesse J, Rübartsch A (1974) J Phys E 7:526–532
LeCaër G, Dubois JM (1979) J Phys E 12:1083–1090
Schaaf P, Gonser U, Bergmann HW, Schubert E (1990) In: Bergmann HW, Kupfer (eds) Sprechsaal Publishing Group, Coburg, pp 871–882
Limbach CT, Aubertin F, Gonser U (1988) Phys B 149:263–266
Stearns MB (1963) Phys Rev 129:1136–1144
Lin C-J, Spaepen F, Turnbull D (1984) J Non-Cryst Solids 61–62:767–772
Whittle GL, Calka A, Radlinski AP, Luther-Davies B (1985) J Magn Magn Mater 50:278–286
Lanotte L, Mateazzi P, Tagliaferri V (1984) J Magn Magn Mater 42:183–192
Ok HN, Morrish AH (1981) Phys Rev B B23:2257–2261
Gonser U, Ghafari M, Wagner HG, Kern R (1981) J Magn Magn Mater 23:279–282
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Gonser, U., Schaaf, P. Surface phase analysis by conversion X-ray and conversion electron Mössbauer spectroscopy. Fresenius J Anal Chem 341, 131–135 (1991). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00322123
Received:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00322123